[From treatment history to patient follow-up: the role of the pharmacist].

Pharmacists and physicians have complementary roles. Indeed, pharmacists have specific knowledge of medications and a particular relationship with patients, especially in the community. Integration of pharmacists within medical teams, based on the North-American model, helps to ensure close collaboration founded on mutual trust and face-to-face contacts.

Pharmacy education in Vietnam.

Pharmacy education programs in Vietnam are complex and offer various career pathways. All include theory and laboratory modules in general, foundation, and pharmaceutical knowledge; placements in health facilities; and a final examination. The various pharmacy degree programs allow specialization in 1 or more of 5 main fields: (1) drug management and supply, (2) drug development and production, (3) pharmacology and clinical pharmacy, (4) traditional medicine and pharmacognosy, and (5) drug quality control, which are offered as main specialization options during the reformed undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Identification of drug-related problems in ambulatory chronic kidney disease patients: a 6-month prospective study.

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We developed a 2-step consultation including a clinical pharmacist (CP) session and a nephrologist conventional care consultation to explore the feasibility of a pilot drug-oriented disease management program in controlling iatrogenic side effects.

Methods: Drug inventory was estimated by a CP before each nephrology consultation.

Pharmaceutical care in chronic kidney disease: experience at Grenoble University Hospital from 2006 to 2010.

Background: Clinical pharmacists (CPs) specifically manage lab-test follow-up, adapt drug dosage according to guidelines and evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and decline in renal function. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of clinical pharmacy services in outpatient nephrology clinics.

Method: For each patient, medical history and current treatment were obtained.

Computerized physician order entry system combined with on-ward pharmacist: analysis of pharmacists' interventions.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: To analyse pharmacists' interventions in a setting where a computerized physician order entry system (CPOE) is in use and a pharmacist works on the ward.

Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in seven wards of a French teaching hospital using CPOE along with the presence of a full-time on-ward pharmacy resident. We documented the characteristics of pharmacists' interventions communicated to physicians during the medication order validation process whenever a drug-related problem was identified.

Physicians' perception of CPOE implementation.

Objective: To identify perceptions held by physicians of the benefits of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and factors influencing its successful implementation in the context of the increased presence of a clinical pharmacist on ward.

Setting: A 2000-bed University Hospital.

Method: A cross-section opinion survey was conducted of all permanent physicians of the hospital to determine their perception on the benefits, or otherwise, of CPOE.

Automated drug dispensing system reduces medication errors in an intensive care setting.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the impact of an automated dispensing system on the incidence of medication errors related to picking, preparation, and administration of drugs in a medical intensive care unit. We also evaluated the clinical significance of such errors and user satisfaction.

Design: Preintervention and postintervention study involving a control and an intervention medical intensive care unit.

[Which factors are associated to hemorrhagic adverse drug events related to antivitamin K?].

Introduction: Hemorrhagic events constitute a major risk for patients on oral anticoagulant therapy.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective survey of all patients taking oral anticoagulants and admitted to the emergency room of Grenoble University Hospital over a period of 10 months. The objective was to identify the causes of drug-induced adverse hemorrhagic events, and whether they were related to health care practices or patient behavior concerning their treatment.

[Hemorrhagic complications of anti-vitamin K].

Adverse events related to oral anticoagulants represent a major public health problem. Hemorrhagic episodes are the most frequent complications and can be life-threatening. A 10 month prospective survey on all cases treated with anti-vitamin K (AVK), and admitted to emergency room of CHU Grenoble, was conducted to identify the hemorrhagic adverse drug events (HADE).

Drug-related problems in medical wards with a computerized physician order entry system.

Objective: Identification and estimation, by clinical pharmacists participating in routine medical rounds, of drug-related problems (DRPs), arising despite the use of a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system.

Methods: An 18-month prospective study of DRPs through a CPOE was conducted by seven clinical pharmacists participating in ward activity. DRPs were identified by two independent pharmacists using a structured order review (French Society of Clinical Pharmacy instrument).

[Drug supply chain safety in hospitals: current data and experience of the Grenoble university hospital].

Drug supply chain safety has become a priority for public health which implies a collective process. This process associates all health professionals including the pharmacist who plays a major role. The objective of this present paper is to describe the several approaches proven effective in the reduction of drug-related problem in hospital, illustrated by the Grenoble University Hospital experience.

[Economic impact of an automated dispensing system in an intensive care unit].

Objective: Automated dispensing systems (ADS) allow a reduction of medication errors and an improvement of drug distribution in clinical ward. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of ADS in an intensive care unit.

Study Design: A cost-benefit model was constructed based on the hospital perspective.

[Physicians' expectations towards pharmacy services on ward].

Clinical pharmacy practice reveals an effective strategy to reduce medication errors and related costs. The present study aimed at confronting hospital perscribers' expectations towards pharmacy services and their jugement on the usefulness of routine pharmacist interventions. A questionnaire was sent to 562 prescribers of the Grenoble Teaching Hospital.

[Oral anticoagulants: a literature review of herb-drug interactions or food-drug interactions].

Objective: To identify herbal medicines and food products which can interact with anticoagulant therapy.

Material And Method: Literature review using key words: "anticoagulants", "herb-drug interaction", "food-drug interaction", "drug chinese herbal", "medicine herbal", "plant preparation", "dietary supplements".

Data Sources: Medline (january 1966 to june 2006) and Pascal (1987 to 2006).

Educating diabetic children: integrating representations by children aged 7 to 11 and their parents.

Objective: A patient living with a chronic disease develops illness-related knowledge, representations, and specific behaviour leading to attitudes. Our objective was to assess the interaction between representations from diabetic children 7 to 11 years of age and their parents, on the disease and its treatment, in order to improve the therapeutic education process.

Method: A qualitative approach was developed.

Assessing a pharmacist-run anaemia educational programme for patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Objective: Assessment of a pharmacist-run anaemia educational programme for patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Setting: Nephrology Department, Grenoble Hospital, France.

Method: A 12-week prospective study, using a before-after intervention design.

[Diffusion of pharmacist interventions within the framework of clinical pharmacy activity in the clinical ward].

Background: Computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and the integration of a pharmacist in clinical wards have been shown to prevent medication errors.

Objectives: The objectives were to describe interventions performed by a clinical pharmacist integrated into clinical wards with CPOE, to assess the acceptance of interventions by prescribers, and to describe factors associated with acceptance.

Methods: A 3-week prospective study was conducted in five wards of a 2000-bed French teaching hospital.

[Osteofluorosis caused by excess use of toothpaste].

Background: Osteofluorosis is caused by chronic fluoride intoxication. Fluoride is used in toothpaste for the prevention of dental caries, and dental fluorosis has often been reported among children and attributed to ingestion of fluoride toothpaste. We report a case of chronic fluoride intoxication caused by excess use of toothpaste in an adult.

[Impact of an education program on patient behaviour favoring prevention of drug-related adverse events: a pilot study in patients receiving oral anticoagulants for thromboembolic venous disease].

Objective: Adverse events related to oral anticoagulants represent a major public health problem. Including patient education as part of the prevention strategy could contribute to improved effectiveness and safer use of drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating the outcomes of a patient education program inspired by recommendations from French Health Authorities (AFSSAPS) and based on an "individual guidance" approach.

[Therapeutic education of patients receiving anticoagulants for thromboembolic venous disease: description of the Educ'AVK program].

Educ'AVK is an education program designed for patients starting an oral anticoagulant treatment following a thromboembolic event (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). Patients enrolled are judged capable of self-management of their drug treatment. The intervention, adapted to a short-term treatment, consists in an 3-step one-on-one teaching session conducted by a trained pharmacist.

Compliance with guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip replacement surgery: results of a retrospective study of 416 patients in a teaching hospital.

Objective: To assess compliance of anesthesiologist practices in antibiotic prophylaxis during total hip replacement (THR) surgery with the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care consensus-based guidelines.

Design: Retrospective review of medical records. Compliance of anesthesiologist practices with the guidelines was assessed according to antibiotic prophylaxis use, antimicrobial agent, dosage of first injection, time from first dose to incision, and total duration of antibiotic prophylaxis.

[Why psychotic patients are not drug compliant?].

Improving patient's compliance with antipsychotics is a major issue in psychosis management. As the point is to convince patients to take their drugs, we have to better understand why they should want or not want to do that. Compliance is actually a complex behavior, involving many psychosocial factors.

[Evaluation of the impact of individual antibiotic order forms on consumption of antibiotics].

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of an individual patient order form which concerned the 21 most costly antibiotics in a university hospital. Antibiotics expenditures were monitored from 1995 to 1999 and were expressed in 1999 French Francs per 100 patient days (p.d.