Effects of chitosan and whole raw soybeans on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether providing chitosan (CHI) to cows fed diets supplemented with whole raw soybeans (WRS) would affect the nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, microbial protein synthesis, N utilization, blood metabolites, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (141 ± 37.1 d in milk, 38.

Ruminal biohydrogenation and abomasal flow of fatty acids in lactating cows fed diets supplemented with soybean oil, whole soybeans, or calcium salts of fatty acids.

Ruminants have a unique metabolism and digestion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Unlike monogastric animals, the fatty acid (FA) profile ingested by ruminants is not the same as that reaching the small intestine. The objective of this study was to evaluate whole raw soybeans (WS) in diets as a replacer for calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) in terms of UFA profile in the abomasal digesta of early- to mid-lactation cows.

Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Milk fatty acid profile and oocyte and embryo quality of early-lactating Holstein cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybeans (WS) supplementation during the prepartum period on nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance, blood metabolites, and oocyte and embryo quality of transition cows. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G): G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control), supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30, and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date.

Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Measures of cellular immune function in transition cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybean (WS) supplementation (diet rich in n-6 fatty acid) during the prepartum period on cellular immune function of dairy cows in the transition period and early lactation. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G) [G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control)] supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30 and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date.

Influence of polymer-coated slow-release urea on total tract apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and performance of Nellore steers.

Objective: Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of coated slow-release urea on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, blood glucose and urea concentration (Exp 1), and average daily gain (ADG; Exp 2) of steers.

Methods: Exp 1: Eight ruminally fistulated steers [503±28.5 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into a d 4×4 Latin square design and assigned to treatments: control (CON), feed grade urea (U2), polymer-coated slow-release urea A (SRA2), and polymer-coated slow-release urea B (SRB2).

Effects of flaxseed, raw soybeans and calcium salts of fatty acids on apparent total tract digestibility, energy balance and milk fatty acid profile of transition cows.

Oilseeds offer some protection to the access of ruminal microorganisms and may be an alternative to calcium salts of fatty acids (FA), which are not fully inert in the ruminal environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sources of FA supplementation on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, and energy balance (EB) of cows during the transition period and early lactation. We compared diets rich in C18:2 and C18:3 FA.

Total esophagogastrectomy in the neoplasms of the esophagus and esofagogastric junction: when must be indicated?

Objective: to analyse the indications and results of the total esophagogastrectomy in cancers of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction.

Methods: twenty patients with adenocarcinomas were operated with a mean age of 55 ± 9.9 years (31-70 years), and 14 cases were male (60%).

Effect of raw soya bean particle size on productive performance and digestion of dairy cows.

Differing soya bean particle sizes may affect productive performance and ruminal fermentation due to the level of fatty acid (FA) exposure of the cotyledon in soya bean grain and because the protein in small particles is more rapidly degraded than the protein in large particles, which influence ruminal fibre digestion and the amounts of ruminally undegradable nutrients. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of raw soya bean particle size on productive performance, digestion and milk FA profile of dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows were assigned to three 4 × 4 Latin squares with 21-day periods.

Total tract nutrient digestion and milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows fed diets containing different levels of whole raw soya beans.

Whole oilseeds such as soya beans have been utilized in dairy rations to supply additional fat and protein. However, antinutritional components contained in soya beans, such as trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins (lectins) may alter digestibility of nutrients and consequently affect animal performance. The objective of the present experiment was to quantify the effect of different levels of whole raw soya beans in diets of dairy cows on nutrient intake, total tract digestion, nutrient balances and milk yield and composition.

Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: A case series.

Introduction: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare lesion consisted of inflammatory and myofibroblastic cells. These lesions may be found in different organs. There are less than 300 described cases.

Can pre-liver transplantation renal insufficiency using a creatinine clearance calculator predict long-term survival?

Introduction: Renal insufficiency can be associated with poor long-term survival of liver transplant recipients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to study renal insufficiency observed pretransplantation and its long-term impact after liver transplantation.

Methods: We analyzed retrospectively an electronic database collected prospectively including transplant records from June 1994 to October 2010 using piggyback venous reconstruction.

Low bone density and low serum levels of soluble RANK ligand are associated with severe arterial calcification in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Objective: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the aorta and its branches. Vascular calcification has been described in 29-54% of cases of TA, although its aetiology remains unknown. Recently the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK system has emerged as an important contributing factor to atherogenesis and osteogenesis.