Field-evolved resistance to neonicotinoids in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, is associated with mutations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits combined with cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification.

New insecticides prequalified for malaria control interventions include modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that act selectively on different subunits leading to variable sensitivity among arthropods. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying contrasting susceptibility to neonicotinoids observed in wild populations of two mosquito sibling species. Bioassays and a synergist test with piperonyl butoxide revealed that the sister taxa, Anopheles gambiae and An.

Field-evolved resistance to neonicotinoids in the mosquito, , is associated with downregulation and mutations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits combined with cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification.

Neonicotinoid insecticides act selectively on their nicotinic receptor targets leading to variable sensitivity among arthropods. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying contrasting susceptibility to neonicotinoids observed in wild populations of two mosquito sibling species. Bioassays and a synergism test revealed that the sister taxa, and , from Yaounde, Cameroon, rely on cytochrome P450s to detoxify neonicotinoids and develop resistance.

Anopheles gambiae larvae's ability to grow and emerge in water containing lethal concentrations of clothianidin, acetamiprid, or imidacloprid is consistent with cross-resistance to neonicotinoids.

Background: For decades, various agrochemicals have been successfully repurposed for mosquito control. However, preexisting resistance caused in larval and adult populations by unintentional pesticide exposure or other cross-resistance mechanisms poses a challenge to the efficacy of this strategy. A better understanding of larval adaptation to the lethal and sublethal effects of residual pesticides in aquatic habitats would provide vital information for assessing the efficacy of repurposed agrochemicals against mosquitoes.

Trypanosome infections in animals from tsetse infected areas of Cameroon and their sensitivity and resistance molecular profiles for diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride.

Monitoring and assessment of control strategies for African trypanosomoses' elimination require not only updating data on trypanosome infections, but also to have an overview on the molecular profiles of trypanocides resistance in different epidemiological settings. This study was designed to determine, in animals from six tsetse-infested areas of Cameroon, the prevalence of trypanosome infections as well as the diminazene aceturate (DA) and isometamidium chloride (ISM) sensitivity/resistance molecular profiles of these trypanosomes. From 2016 to 2019, blood was collected in pigs, dogs, sheep, goats and cattle from six tsetse infested areas of Cameroon.