Unintentional overdose of hyoscine hydrobromide in a young child.

A 4-year-old girl presented with confusion, ataxia and hallucinations 3 hours after an accidental overdose of 108 μg per kg of hyoscine hydrobromide (Kwells Kids). She was hypotensive and tachycardic at presentation. Investigations revealed QTc prolongation on ECG.

The assassinations of investigative journalists Daphne Caruana Galizia and Veronica Guerin and the male-to-female birth ratio.

Introduction: Male live births are marginally more common than female ones. At a population level, this ratio (M/F) temporarily reduces in the months after major traumatic events. This study looks at whether the M/F live birth ratios in Malta and Ireland were affected by the assassinations of local investigative journalists Daphne Caruana Galizia (DCG) and Veronica Guerin (VG) respectively.

Cardiac Surgery-Associated Kidney Injury in Children and Renal Oximetry.

Objectives: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury is common in children and associates with negative outcomes. Novel interventions to reduce cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury require knowledge of its pathophysiology. States of altered perfusion, oxygen delivery, and energy consumption occur during cardiopulmonary bypass and could protect against or contribute to renal cellular injury and recovery.

Sustainable Monitoring and Surveillance Systems to Improve HIV Programs: Review.

HIV programs have provided a major impetus for investments in surveillance data, with 5-10% of HIV program budgets recommended to support data. However there are questions concerning the sustainability of these investments. The Sustainable Development Goals have consolidated health into one goal and communicable diseases into one target (Target 3.

Monitoring HIV Treatment and the Health Sector Cascade: From Treatment Numbers to Impact.

Although not originally part of the MDGs, HIV treatment has been at the center of global HIV reporting since 2003, marked by achievement of the target of 15 million people receiving treatment before 2015 and 18.2 million (16.1-19.

HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour changes measured in an antenatal clinic setting in northern Tanzania.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of collecting sexual behaviour data during HIV surveillance in antenatal care (ANC) clinics, and to establish whether these data can provide information about the correlates of HIV infection in this population.

Methods: Sexual behaviour surveys were conducted in the context of two HIV sentinel surveillance rounds in 11 ANC clinics in north west Tanzania between 2000 and 2002. Responses of individual women were anonymously linked to their HIV status.

[Description of 31 pediatric cases of infection caused by human Parvovirus B 19].

Fundamentals: [corrected] Human Parvovirus B19 has been identified as the etiological agent implicated in several clinical forms of disease. The aim of this study was to define the clinical aspects observed in the children with human parvovirus infection in our hospital.

Methods: A retrospective study was done in 31 pediatric cases observed in our hospital from January-92 to July-94; all had positive IgM against Parvovirus (determined by enzymoinmunoanalysis).

Effect of alanine supply on hepatic protein synthesis in animals maintained on a protein free diet.

In contrast to what it is observed during starvation, animals maintained on a protein-free isocaloric diet showed an increase in the rate of hepatic peptide chain elongation as determined by measuring the ribosomal transit time in vivo. The loss of body nitrogen per se is insufficient to generate the signal(s) which arrests hepatic peptide chain elongation. This observation suggests that it is an increase in gluconeogenic demand, and not the negative nitrogen balance, which is implicated in determining reciprocal changes in the rate of protein synthesis.