Complementary Organization of Mouse Driver and Modulator Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits.

Corticocortical (CC) projections in the visual system facilitate hierarchical processing of sensory information. In addition to direct CC connections, indirect cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways through the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus can relay sensory signals and mediate cortical interactions according to behavioral demands. While the pulvinar connects extensively to the entire visual cortex, it is unknown whether transthalamic pathways link all cortical areas or whether they follow systematic organizational rules.

CME preferences and perspectives among practicing radiologists.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate radiologists' perspectives regarding American Medical Association Category 1 Continuing Medical Education (Cat-1 CME) activities in private practice (PP) and teleradiology (TR), as well as American Board of Radiology Maintenance of Certification (ABR MOC) program participation status.

Materials And Methods: An electronic survey informed by existing literature regarding physician Cat-1 CME use and opinions was distributed via email to a national radiology practice. The survey was open for seventeen days in 2023, with a single reminder.

Integrated Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of In Vitro Murine Gut Microbial Cultures upon Bisphenol S Exposure.

Background: The gut microbiota are an important interface between the host and the environment, mediating the host's interactions with nutritive and non-nutritive substances. Dietary contaminants like Bisphenol A (BPA) may disrupt the microbial community, leaving the host susceptible to additional exposures and pathogens. BPA has long been a controversial and well-studied contaminant, so its structural analogues like Bisphenol S (BPS) are replacing it in consumer products, but have not been well studied.

Transcriptomic cell-type specificity of local cortical circuits.

Complex neocortical functions rely on networks of diverse excitatory and inhibitory neurons. While local connectivity rules between major neuronal subclasses have been established, the specificity of connections at the level of transcriptomic subtypes remains unclear. We introduce single transcriptome assisted rabies tracing (START), a method combining monosynaptic rabies tracing and single-nuclei RNA sequencing to identify transcriptomic cell types, providing inputs to defined neuron populations.

Involvement of Intestinal Epithelium Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Expression and 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane in Colonic Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Formation.

Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are adaptive immune structures that develop during chronic inflammation and may worsen or lessen disease outcomes in a context-specific manner. Immune cell activity governing TLT formation in the intestines is dependent on immune cell aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. Homeostatic immune cell activity in the intestines is further dependent on ligand activation of AhR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), yet whether AhR activation and signaling in IECs influences the formation of TLTs in the presence of dietary AhR ligands is not known.