The M4 insulator, the TM2 matrix attachment region, and the double copy of the heavy chain gene contribute to the enhanced accumulation of the PHB-01 antibody in tobacco plants.

The expression of recombinant proteins in plants is a valuable alternative to bioreactors using mammalian cell systems. Ease of scaling, and their inability to host human pathogens, enhance the use of plants to generate complex therapeutic products such as monoclonal antibodies. However, stably transformed plants expressing antibodies normally have a poor accumulation of these proteins that probably arise from the negative positional effects of their flanking chromatin.

Field Trial and Molecular Characterization of RNAi-Transgenic Tomato Plants That Exhibit Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used approach to generate virus-resistant transgenic crops. However, issues of agricultural importance like the long-term durability of RNAi-mediated resistance under field conditions and the potential side effects provoked in the plant by the stable RNAi expression remain poorly investigated. Here, we performed field trials and molecular characterization studies of two homozygous transgenic tomato lines, with different selection markers, expressing an intron-hairpin RNA cognate to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) C1 gene.

A transformation procedure for recalcitrant tomato by addressing transgenic plant-recovery limiting factors.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens technology is the battle horse for tomato genetic transformation. However, tomato varieties with low regeneration capacity are very difficult to transform. In the past, tomato transformation through Agrobacterium infection was focused on varieties capable of high regeneration yield, while successful transformation of low regenerable cultivars has not been reported.

Intron-hairpin RNA derived from replication associated protein C1 gene confers immunity to tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in transgenic tomato plants.

The whitefly-transmitted Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) is the major pathogen of tomato crop in Cuba and one of the most outstanding viral diseases of plants worldwide. In this work, we have developed transgenic tomato plants, transformed with an intron-hairpin genetic construction to induce post- transcriptional gene silencing against the early TYLCV replication associated protein gene (C1). The intron-hairpin RNA produced involves 726 nts of the 3' end of the TYLCV C1 gene as the arms of the hairpin, and the castor bean catalase intron.

Nycthemeral variations in core temperature and heart rate: continuous cycling exercise versus continuous rest.

Circadian rhythms have formed the subject of many researches in man during bed rest or usual routine, but have been little studied during continuous and sustained physical exercise. This study deals with the influence of time of day on biological markers in competitive cyclists during continuous physical exercise versus continuous rest. Ultra-distance cyclists were studied over a 24 h period (13:00 to 13:00 h the next day) in the laboratory.

[Circadian fluctuations in the muscular efficiency of athletes: with sleep versus sleep deprivation].

The influence of time of day on muscular performance was studied. From part of the results of two different studies (EAS et EPS), the effects of sleep deprivation were appreciated. Seven times over the 24-h period, developed torque and myoelectric activity were estimated during maximal isometric voluntary contractions using an isokinetic dynamometer: elbow flexion for EAS in standardised sleep, and knee extension for EPS in complete sleep deprivation.

Circadian rhythms in human muscular efficiency: continuous physical exercise versus continuous rest. A crossover study.

This study deals with the influence of time of day on neuromuscular efficiency in competitive cyclists during continuous exercise versus continuous rest. Knee extension torque was measured in ultradistance cyclists over a 24h period (13:00 to 13:00 the next day) in the laboratory. The subjects were requested to maintain a constant speed (set at 70% of their maximal aerobic speed obtained during a preliminary test) on their own bicycles, which were equipped with cyclosimulators.

CYP76C2, an Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 gene expressed during hypersensitive and developmental cell death.

The characterisation of an Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450-encoding cDNA clone, B72, preferentially expressed during the hypersensitive response (HR) provoked by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar maculicola, is reported. The B72 cDNA clone corresponded to the CYP76C2 gene, which belongs to a small multigene family comprising four genes. HR-triggering bacteria harbouring different avirulence genes induced the accumulation of transcripts of this P450 gene.

PrhA controls a novel regulatory pathway required for the specific induction of Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes in the presence of plant cells.

The Ralstonia solanacearum hrp gene cluster is organized in five transcriptional units. Expression of transcriptional units 2, 3 and 4 is induced in minimal medium and depends on the hrp regulatory gene hrpB, which belongs to unit 1. This regulatory gene also controls the expression of genes, such as popA, located to the left of the hrp cluster.

Identification of proliferation-induced genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Characterization of a new member of the highly evolutionarily conserved histone H2A.F/Z variant subfamily.

The changes in gene expression associated with the reinitiation of cell division and subsequent progression through the cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana cell-suspension cultures were investigated. Partial synchronization of cells was achieved by a technique combining phosphate starvation and a transient treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor aphidicolin. Six cDNAs corresponding to genes highly induced in proliferating cells and showing cell-cycle-regulated expression were obtained by the mRNA differential display technique.

Novel molecular markers for late phases of the growth cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana cell-suspension cultures are expressed during organ senescence.

In an Arabidopsis thaliana T87-C3 cell-suspension culture, entry into the growth-arrest phase is rapidly followed by a loss of cell viability. Three cDNA clones, SRG1, SRG2, and SRG3, corresponding to genes with transcripts that accumulate during these late phases, were isolated by the mRNA differential display method. Amino acid sequence analysis shows that the putative SRG1 protein is a new member of the Fe(II)/ascorbate oxidase superfamily, and that SRG2 codes for a protein with significant homology to beta-glucosidases.

A method for the elimination of false positives generated by the mRNA differential display technique.

The recently described mRNA differential display method provides an attractive tool for the isolation of genes showing regulated expression in a variety of systems. A key step in this technique consists of the isolation of PCR-synthesized radioactive cDNAs corresponding to differentially expressed mRNAs. Here, we show that the purified cDNAs remain contaminated with unrelated cDNA sequences that may lead to the artifactual isolation of false positives in the subsequent steps of the method.