Lying and stepping behaviors around corrective or therapeutic claw trimming.

The objectives of this study were to test differences in lying and stepping behaviors in lactating cows with altered gait or other signs of pain in the day preceding either corrective claw trimming (CCT) or therapeutic claw trimming (TCT; d -1), including healthy controls (HC) as a reference group, and to analyze the associations between categories of lying and stepping behaviors at d -1 and subsequent submission to CCT or TCT (d 0). In addition, we characterized variations in lying and stepping behaviors within 7 d relative to CCT or treatment for a specific foot condition (TCT). A total of 310 Holstein cows in a USDA-certified organic dairy herd in northern Colorado were enrolled.

Investigation of neonatal disorders in New World camelids and factors associated with death during and after hospitalization of affected crias.

Objective: To assess signalment, clinical findings, and treatments for New World camelids (NWCs) hospitalized for evaluation and treatment of neonatal disorders and investigate associations between these factors and death during and after hospitalization.

Animals: 267 NWCs ≤ 30 days of age.

Procedures: Medical records of a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed to identify NWCs admitted for evaluation and treatment of neonatal disorders between 2000 and 2010.

Antibiotic stewardship in UK surgical departments: challenges and possible solutions.

Antibiotics are one of the most widely used classes of drugs within hospitals in the UK. They have a wide range of uses within all surgical specialties, both as preoperative prophylaxis and for treatment of acute surgical conditions. Antimicrobial resistance has increasingly been seen as a major issue, as the production of new antibiotics has decreased and overall use worldwide has increased.

Rare case of a patient with symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum enteroliths.

A 61-year-old man presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms, including left groin pain and change in bowel habits. Investigations revealed a cystic lesion, containing numerous irregular calcifications, with the primary differential being a dermoid cyst containing teeth-like calcifications. At laparoscopy it was found to be a Meckel's diverticulum, containing a large number of enteroliths.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Acute General Surgical Admissions in a District General Hospital in the United Kingdom: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has greatly impacted healthcare systems and society more generally around the world. The management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has primarily impacted emergency departments, medical teams, and intensive care units. However, the impact on health systems as a whole, including surgical specialties, has been wide ranging.

Free-roaming dogs limit habitat use of giant pandas in nature reserves.

Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were historically hunted using dogs and are currently threatened by free-roaming dogs and their associated diseases. To better understand the spatial magnitude of this threat, we used a GIS approach to investigate edge effects of dogs on giant panda habitat. We first examined two nature reserves with contrasting free-roaming dog populations: Liziping, with many dogs (~0.

Evaluation of intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline for use as an experimental model to induce pain and assess the efficacy of pain mitigation strategies in dairy cows.

Objective: To evaluate IM injection of oxytetracycline as an experimental model to induce pain and assess the analgesic efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FM) in dairy cows.

Animals: 15 healthy nonlactating Jersey (n = 10) and Holstein (5) cows.

Procedures: In the first of 2 experiments, 5 Jerseys were administered oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg, IM), divided between the right side of the neck and left hind limb.

Efficacy of non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis on an organic dairy farm.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis (DD) on an organic certified dairy farm. A randomized clinical trial was conducted using 70 multiparous Holstein cows with an early DD lesion at a USDA certified organic dairy farm in Northern Colorado, USA. Cows were enrolled in the study based on the presence of early DD lesions (scores M1 and M2) and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) topical application of copper sulfate and iodine (CUI); (2) topical application of honey and iodine (HOI); and (3) control subject to no treatment (CON).

Combined tube cystostomy and urethrotomy for the treatment of urethral obstruction due to urolithiasis in goats.

Objective: To describe the treatment of goats with urethral obstruction secondary to urolithiasis by combining tube cystostomy and urethrotomy.

Animals: Eight male goats.

Study Design: Short case series.

Effect of a mechanical grooming brush on the behavior and health of recently weaned heifer calves.

Background: Calf stress at weaning and during transition to group pens represents a concern in dairy operations. Favoring natural behaviors, such as grooming, may help on reducing this challenge. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a mechanical grooming brush on behavior and health of recently weaned calves, after transferring from individual to group housing.

Effect of prebiotic supplementation with stabilized rice bran in milk of pre-weaned organic Holstein calves.

Background: The first month of life possess significant challenges for dairy calves due to high susceptibility to digestive diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic supplementation with stabilized rice bran (SRB) in milk on health, immunity, and performance of pre-weaned organic dairy calves. Holstein heifer calves (n = 90) were enrolled at 6 ± 1 days old and monitored for 28 days, from July to August 2017.

Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis in Ruminants.

Clostridial abomasitis and enteritis are important alimentary diseases observed in all domestic ruminant species. These diseases most commonly result from overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens types A, B, C, D, and E with the associated release of bacterial exotoxins that result in necrosis of the abomasal or intestinal mucosa. Clostridium difficile may also be associated with enteritis in calves but is much less common than disease caused by C perfringens.

Limitations of Surface Mapping Technology in Accurately Identifying Critical Errors in Dental Students' Crown Preparations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Planmeca Compare software in identifying and quantifying a common critical error in dental students' crown preparations. In 2014-17, a study was conducted at one U.S.

Hepatic portal venous gas: acute deterioration in an elderly patient.

A 91-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department with a 10-day history of constipation and abdominal pain. Abdominal examination was normal and rectal examination showed faecal loading. A phosphate enema was given and the patient was admitted.

Temporary Rumenostomy for the Treatment of Forestomach Diseases and Enteral Nutrition.

Temporary rumenostomy is a useful procedure for the treatment, management, and support of patients with forestomach disease of various types. The rumenostomy provides a mechanism for relief of chronic rumen tympany or distention, removal of rumen contents and lavage of the rumen, removal of some rumen foreign bodies, administration of rumen fluid transfaunation, and administration of enteral nutrition or other medications. When the rumenostomy is no longer necessary, it can be allowed to close by second intention or by surgical resection.

Using Assessments of Dental Students' Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy to Aid Practice Management Education.

In the past, the typical practice management curriculum in U.S. dental schools was found to place a heavy emphasis on customer service, whereas areas typically stressed in business entrepreneurship and management courses (e.

Evaluation of horn bud wound healing following cautery disbudding of preweaned dairy calves treated with aluminum-based aerosol bandage.

Pain management during and following disbudding procedures has been studied extensively, though few studies have evaluated wound healing following cautery disbudding in dairy calves. The purpose of this study was to observe wound healing following cautery disbudding with or without treatment using a topical aluminum-based aerosol bandage (ALU) in preweaned dairy calves. Dairy calves were disbudded within the first 3 wk of life using a standard cautery disbudding protocol.

Effects of two-stage weaning with nose flap devices applied to calves on cow body condition, calf performance, and calf humoral immune response.

The effects of nose flap devices in calves before dam separation on cow BCS, pre- and postseparation calf performance, and humoral immune response were compared with traditional weaning. Primiparous and multiparous Angus and Hereford cows ( = 113) and their Angus, Hereford, and Angus × Hereford calves (179.4 ± 3.

Effect of Short-Duration, Localized Carbamide Peroxide Application to Remove Enamel Staining on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Enamel.

Unlabelled: Objective Peripheral enamel staining is often noticed after removal of long-term veneer or crown provisional restorations. Application of carbamide peroxide (CP) easily removes the stain, but the potential for immediate bonding with a resin-based cement is questionable. This project tested the short-term, shear bond strength of a commercial, photo-curable, resin cement to bovine enamel after application of a 10% concentration of CP placed for different exposure times.