Publications by authors named "Callahan T"
Background: Better risk stratification is needed to evaluate patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) for prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). Growing evidence suggests cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) may be useful in this regard.
Objective: We aimed to determine if late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) seen on CMR (dichotomized as none/minimal <2% vs significant ≥2%) predicts appropriate ICD therapies (primary endpoint) and/or all-cause mortality/transplant/left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation (secondary endpoint) in NICM patients.
Over the past decade, there has been substantial growth in both the quantity and complexity of available biomedical data. In order to more efficiently harness this extensive data and alleviate challenges associated with integration of multi-omics data, we developed Petagraph, a biomedical knowledge graph that encompasses over 32 million nodes and 118 million relationships. Petagraph leverages more than 180 ontologies and standards in the Unified Biomedical Knowledge Graph (UBKG) to embed millions of quantitative genomics data points.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Catheter ablation is an effective therapy in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an alternative to anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with bleeding risks.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of combining AF ablation and LAAC in a single procedure.
Article Synopsis
- - The Aveir DR system is a new type of dual-chamber leadless pacemaker that features separate atrial and ventricular components capable of communicating wirelessly for synchronized heart pacing.
- - A study involving 399 patients showed that the success rates of implant-to-implant (i2i) communication between the atrial and ventricular pacemakers exceeded 90% at all tested intervals over six months.
- - Improvements in communication success were noted, particularly for patients with initial lower success rates, suggesting benefits from reprogramming and device stabilization over time.
Article Synopsis
- Phenotypic data helps us understand how genomic variations affect living organisms and is vital for clinical applications like diagnosing diseases and developing treatments.
- The field of phenomics aims to unify and analyze the vast amounts of phenotypic data collected over time, but faces challenges due to inconsistent methods and vocabularies used to record this information.
- The Unified Phenotype Ontology (uPheno) framework offers a solution by providing a standardized system for organizing phenotype terms, allowing for better integration of data across different species and improving research on genotype-phenotype associations.
Article Synopsis
- * This system uses two leadless devices that communicate with each other instead of traditional wires, which makes it unique in its design.
- * The paper provides an overview of the dual-chamber pacemaker implantation process, highlighting important steps to ensure safe and efficient procedures.
Article Synopsis
- Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms, especially in the gastroduodenal artery, are rare but can lead to severe complications like rupture, particularly in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
- A 61-year-old man with chronic pancreatitis and other health issues was found to have a 7 cm pseudoaneurysm that was successfully treated using coil embolization after presenting with abdominal pain and fevers.
- This case emphasizes the need for quick diagnosis and treatment of GDA pseudoaneurysms and shows that endovascular therapies can effectively enhance outcomes in complex cases linked to chronic pancreatitis.
Article Synopsis
- Vascular access complications are common in catheter ablation procedures for ventricular arrhythmias, and the impact of vascular closure devices (VCDs) on these complications is unclear.
- This study analyzed 1,016 catheter ablation procedures over four years, categorizing cases based on the use of VCDs: none (manual compression), partial use, or complete use.
- Results showed that the use of VCDs, especially complete VCDs, significantly reduced the rate of vascular complications compared to manual compression and partial use of VCDs.
Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure Subtypes.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol
September 2024
Background: Catheter ablation (CA) improves clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We aimed to evaluate the impact of CA on clinical and quality-of-life outcomes across HF subtypes.
Methods: All patients undergoing AF ablation at a tertiary center were enrolled in a prospective registry and included in this study (2013-2021).
The "RNA world" represents a novel frontier for the study of fundamental biological processes and human diseases and is paving the way for the development of new drugs tailored to each patient's biomolecular characteristics. Although scientific data about coding and non-coding RNA molecules are constantly produced and available from public repositories, they are scattered across different databases and a centralized, uniform, and semantically consistent representation of the "RNA world" is still lacking. We propose RNA-KG, a knowledge graph (KG) encompassing biological knowledge about RNAs gathered from more than 60 public databases, integrating functional relationships with genes, proteins, and chemicals and ontologically grounded biomedical concepts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been associated with ischemic disease/scar, sex, and possibly left ventricular mass (LVM).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex differences and baseline/postimplant change in LVM on VA risk after CRT implantation in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block.
Methods: In patients meeting the criteria, baseline and follow-up echocardiographic images were obtained for LVM assessment.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effectiveness of post-ablation ventricular tachycardia (VT) inducibility through programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) as a predictor for recurrence and survival outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing VT ablation.
- A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 high-risk patients who underwent VT ablation, revealing no significant differences in long-term outcomes between those with no VT inducibility and other response groups.
- The findings suggest that post-ablation PVS results do not reliably predict survival or recurrence in high-risk VT ablation patients, challenging its current use as a procedural endpoint.
Increased Incidence of Vestibular Disorders in Patients With SARS-CoV-2.
Otol Neurotol Open
June 2024
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the prevalence of vestibular disorders in patients with COVID-19 compared to those without the virus using data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database.
- Results showed that individuals with COVID-19 were significantly more likely to experience vestibular disorders, with the highest risk associated with the omicron 23A variant (OR of 8.80).
- The findings underscore the need for further research on the long-term effects of vestibular disorders in COVID-19 patients and implications for patient counseling.
Efficacy of Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis or Total Occlusion.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Current treatments for pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) and total occlusion (PVTO) face challenges with high rates of restenosis, prompting a study on a new method.
- This study compares drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty and stenting to traditional angioplasty and stenting, analyzing data from two patient groups over different time periods.
- Results show that the DCB method significantly lowers the chances of restenosis and need for additional procedures compared to standard care, highlighting its effectiveness and safety.
Acute COVID-19 infection can be followed by diverse clinical manifestations referred to as Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV2 Infection (PASC). Studies have shown an increased risk of being diagnosed with new-onset psychiatric disease following a diagnosis of acute COVID-19. However, it was unclear whether non-psychiatric PASC-associated manifestations (PASC-AMs) are associated with an increased risk of new-onset psychiatric disease following COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Note Structural Knowledge Improves Word Sense Disambiguation.
AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc
May 2024
Clinical notes are full of ambiguous medical abbreviations. Contextual knowledge has been leveraged by recent learning-based approaches for sense disambiguation. Previous findings indicated that structural elements of clinical notes entail useful characteristics for informing different interpretations of abbreviations, yet they have remained underutilized and have not been fully investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- This study focuses on enhancing data interoperability in precision medicine by aligning the OMOP and Phenopackets data models, which helps in storing and exchanging multimodal patient data for better research outcomes.
- The researchers developed a transformation process to map real-world patient data from OMOP to Phenopackets, analyzing the effectiveness of this mapping and addressing gaps between the two models.
- Results showed successful mapping for Alzheimer's disease patients with a 10.2% loss due to missing OMOP values, and using semantic filtering greatly improved clinical relevance from 68% to 96% in the mappings.
Background: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is associated with fewer lead-related complications than a transvenous ICD; however, the subcutaneous ICD cannot provide bradycardia and antitachycardia pacing. Whether a modular pacing-defibrillator system comprising a leadless pacemaker in wireless communication with a subcutaneous ICD to provide antitachycardia and bradycardia pacing is safe remains unknown.
Methods: We conducted a multinational, single-group study that enrolled patients at risk for sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias and followed them for 6 months after implantation of a modular pacemaker-defibrillator system.
Introduction: Reports of comparison with procedural outcomes for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker (PM) transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are old and limited. We sought to compare the safety, efficacy, and procedural properties of ICD and PM TLE and assess the impact of lead age.
Methods: The study cohort included all consecutive patients with ICD and PM TLE in the Cleveland Clinic Prospective TLE Registry between 2013 and 2022.
Background: The first dual-chamber leadless pacemaker (DC-LP) system consists of 2 separate atrial and ventricular devices that communicate to maintain synchronous atrioventricular pacing and sensing. The initial safety and efficacy were previously reported.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chronic electrical performance of the DC-LP system.
Article Synopsis
- Translational research needs data from different levels of biological systems, but combining that data is tough for scientists.
- New technologies help gather more data, but researchers struggle to organize all the information effectively.
- PheKnowLator is a tool that helps scientists create customizable knowledge graphs easily, making it better for managing complex health information without slowing down their work.
Background: Data are lacking on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) following cryoballoon ablation (CBA) versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA). We sought to evaluate QoL and clinical outcomes of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation only (CRYO-PVI-ONLY) versus RFA with PVI and posterior wall isolation (RF-PVI+PWI) in a large prospective PRO registry.
Methods: Patients who underwent AF ablation (2013-2016) at our institution were enrolled in an automated, prospectively maintained PRO registry.