Shallow groundwater near a deep-well CO storage site-15 years of stable water quality for agricultural use.

Injecting CO into deep geological formations can be an effective carbon removal and storage technology to mitigate global climate change. Interaction of injected CO with rock formations changes pH and hydrochemistry within the deep injection zone (> 800 m depth). However, cap rocks and multiple tight aquitards typically act as barriers to protect the shallow aquifer from changes in the injection zone.

Evening Alpha-Lactalbumin Supplementation Alters Sleep Architecture and Reduces Morning Reaction Time in an Athletically Trained Population With Sleep Difficulties.

Evening consumption of a whey protein rich in the amino acid tryptophan, alpha-lactalbumin (ALAC), has previously shown to benefit sleep-particularly among poor sleepers. Given trained populations often experience sleep difficulty, this study investigated whether evening supplementation of ALAC would influence sleep outcomes, mood, and next-day cognitive performance within a trained population with sleep difficulties. Nineteen trained participants (females, n = 11) with sleep difficulties (Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire: 8.

A consensus platform for antibody characterization.

Antibody-based research applications are critical for biological discovery. Yet there are no industry standards for comparing the performance of antibodies in various applications. We describe a knockout cell line-based antibody characterization platform, developed and approved jointly by industry and academic researchers, that enables the systematic comparison of antibody performance in western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.

Trophic and environmental influences on trace element concentrations in Australian fur seals.

Trace elements (TE) in living organisms can have detrimental health impacts depending on their concentration. As many TEs are obtained through diet, trophic niche changes associated with the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate-change may influence exposure to top predators. The Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus; AUFS) represents the greatest resident, marine predator biomass in south-eastern Australia.

Differences in Cardiorespiratory Responses with Three Set-Paced Submaximal Endurance Tests in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

A variety of submaximal exercise tests are commonly used in clinical practice to determine an individual's exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study explored differences in cardiorespiratory and perceived exertion responses following the completion of three set-paced exercise tests. A prospective, observational, cross-sectional design assessed 30 healthy communityd-welling older adults, who participated in three submaximal exercise tests, including seated marching (SM), standing marching (STM), and standing stepping (STS).

Fatiguing exercise reduces cellular passive Young's modulus in human vastus lateralis muscle.

Previous studies demonstrated that acute fatiguing exercise transiently reduces whole-muscle stiffness, which might contribute to increased risk of injury and impaired contractile performance. We sought to elucidate potential intracellular mechanisms underlying these reductions. To that end, the cellular passive Young's modulus was measured in muscle fibres from healthy, young males and females.

Development of bio-composite mulch film from cotton gin wastes: Study of pesticide residue and outdoor stability and degradation.

Non-degradable plastic mulch films used in agriculture are polluting the environment by leaving residues and microplastics in the soil. They are also difficult to recycle due to contamination during their use. Biodegradable mulch films are needed as alternatives so that they can be used effectively during the growing season and later be ploughed to be degraded in soil.

The Plight of the Metabolite: Oxidative Stress and Tear Film Destabilisation Evident in Ocular Allergy Sufferers across Seasons in Victoria, Australia.

Ocular allergy (OA) is characterised by ocular surface itchiness, redness, and inflammation in response to allergen exposure. The primary aim of this study was to assess differences in the human tear metabolome and lipidome between OA and healthy controls (HCs) across peak allergy (spring-summer) and off-peak (autumn-winter) seasons in Victoria, Australia. A total of 19 participants (14 OA, 5 HCs) aged 18-45 were recruited and grouped by allergy questionnaire score.

Warfarin, not direct oral anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy, is associated with increased bleeding risk in emergency general surgery patients: Implications in this new era of novel anticoagulants: An EAST multicenter study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess perioperative bleeding complications and in-hospital mortality in patients requiring emergency general surgery presenting with a history of antiplatelet (AP) versus direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) versus warfarin use.

Methods: A prospective observational study across 21 centers between 2019 and 2022 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, and DOAC, warfarin, or AP use within 24 hours of an emergency general surgery procedure.

The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state.

Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times the prior record and a necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are achieved despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, for the first time, include an empirical correction factor for mode-2 asymmetry in the burning plasma regime in addition to previously determined corrections for radiative mix and mode-1.

Skeletal Muscle Compliance and Echogenicity in Resistance-Trained and Nontrained Women.

Mongold, SJ, Ricci, AW, Hahn, ME, and Callahan, DM. Skeletal muscle compliance and echogenicity in resistance-trained and nontrained women. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 671-680, 2024-Noninvasive assessment of muscle mechanical properties in clinical and performance settings tends to rely on manual palpation and emphasizes examination of musculotendinous stiffness.

Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1.

In this work we present the design of the first controlled fusion laboratory experiment to reach target gain G>1 N221204 (5 December 2022) [Phys. Rev. Lett.

Facilitating the transition to residency: A resident-as-coach pilot program.

Background: The transition from medical school to residency is a critical developmental phase; coaching may help students prepare for this role transition.

Aims: We explored whether near-peer coaching could improve a specific workplace skill prior to residency.

Methods: A resident-as-coach program was piloted for the medicine sub-internship, an advanced acting internship rotation.

Creatine and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study of creatine metabolism in low-risk pregnant females.

Background: Physiological adaptations during pregnancy alter nutrient and energy metabolism. Creatine may be important for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis throughout pregnancy. However, the impact of pregnancy on endogenous and exogenous creatine availability has never been comprehensively explored.

Energy Principles of Scientific Breakeven in an Inertial Fusion Experiment.

Fusion "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain G_{target}, total fusion energy out > laser energy input) has been achieved for the first time (here, G_{target}∼1.

Biocidal Efficacies of Contact Lens Disinfecting Solutions Against International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Compendial Organisms.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the in vitro disinfection efficacies of six commercial lens cleaning and disinfecting products for planned replacement soft contact lenses.

Methods: Disinfection efficacies of five multi-purpose solutions (MPSs) and one hydrogen peroxide solution (HPS) as control were evaluated in the presence of organic soil according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO, Geneva, Switzerland) ISO 14729 stand-alone test protocol. The five specified compendial organisms, three bacteria () and two fungi ( and ) were incubated with each solution under standard conditions, after which microbes were recovered and quantified.

Maternally derived avian corticosterone affects offspring genome-wide DNA methylation in a passerine species.

Avian embryos develop in an egg composition which reflects both maternal condition and the recent environment of their mother. In birds, yolk corticosterone (CORT) influences development by impacting pre- and postnatal growth, as well as nestling stress responses and development. One possible mechanism through which maternal CORT may affect offspring development is via changes to offspring DNA methylation.

Memory B cell subsets have divergent developmental origins that are coupled to distinct imprinted epigenetic states.

Memory B cells (MBCs) are phenotypically and functionally diverse, but their developmental origins remain undefined. Murine MBCs can be divided into subsets by expression of CD80 and PD-L2. Upon re-immunization, CD80/PD-L2 double-negative (DN) MBCs spawn germinal center B cells (GCBCs), whereas CD80/PD-L2 double-positive (DP) MBCs generate plasmablasts but not GCBCs.

Predicting myosin heavy chain isoform from postdissection fiber length in human skeletal muscle fibers.

Experimental techniques in single human skeletal muscle cells require manual dissection. Unlike other mammalian species, human skeletal muscle is characterized by a heterogeneous mixture of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, typically used to define "fiber type," which profoundly influences cellular function. Therefore, it is beneficial to predict MHC isoform at the time of dissection, facilitating a more balanced fiber-type distribution from a potentially imbalanced sample.

Harnessing the conditioned pain modulation response in migraine diagnosis, outcome prediction, and treatment-A narrative review.

Objective: To present the potential use and relevance of the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) response to migraine diagnosis, outcome prediction, and treatment.

Background: The CPM response is a widely used laboratory test to examine inhibitory pain modulation capabilities.

Methods: This narrative review summarizes and synthesizes the findings on the CPM response in patients with migraine.

Anticoagulation in emergency general surgery: Who bleeds more? The EAST multicenter trials ACES study.

Background: While direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use is increasing in the Emergency General Surgery (EGS) patient population, our understanding of their bleeding risk in the acute setting remains limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of perioperative bleeding complications in patients using DOACs versus warfarin and AP therapy requiring urgent/emergent EGS procedures (EGSPs).

Methods: This was a prospective observational trial, conducted between 2019 and 2022, across 21 centers.