Investigation into spinal anesthetic failure with hyperbaric bupivacaine: the role of cold exposure on bupivacaine degradation.

Purpose: Hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.75% in dextrose) is used for spinal obstetric anesthesia. Occasional clusters of anesthetic failures occur in this setting, not readily attributable to clinical factors.

Subcutaneous ketamine for postoperative pain relief in Rwanda: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Postoperative pain control is often inadequate in low-income countries such as Rwanda, prompting the search for an inexpensive improvement. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to study the use of subcutaneous ketamine for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing major surgery in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients undergoing major abdominal, head and neck, plastic, or gynecological surgeries were studied.

Epigenetic regulation of glucose transporters in non-small cell lung cancer.

Due to their inherently hypoxic environment, cancer cells often resort to glycolysis, or the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to form ATP to provide for their energy needs, known as the Warburg effect. At the same time, overexpression of the insulin receptor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and decreased survival. The uptake of glucose into cells is carried out via glucose transporters or GLUTs.