Effects of AAC Intervention on School Readiness Skills from Young Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Introduction Young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who have limited speech and language require access to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention, including technology and instruction. While research shows that AAC intervention can effectively support communication from children with IDD, research on its impact on school readiness skills is limited. Methods Two preschool aged children with IDD participated in this study.

Evaluation of a Semi-Automated Ultrasound Guidance System for Central Vascular Access.

Hemorrhage remains a leading cause of death in both military and civilian trauma settings. Oftentimes, the control and treatment of hemorrhage requires central vascular access and well-trained medical personnel. Automated technology is being developed that can lower the skill threshold for life-saving interventions.

lysyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors define the interplay between solubility and permeability required to achieve efficacy.

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by infection with spp. parasites and is a leading cause of death in malnourished children worldwide. The only approved treatment, nitazoxanide, has limited efficacy in this at-risk patient population.

Spurring Innovation in AAC Technology through Collaborative Dreaming and Needs Finding with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Who Use AAC.

Millions of individuals who have limited or no functional speech use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology to participate in daily life and exercise the human right to communication. While advances in AAC technology lag significantly behind those in other technology sectors, mainstream technology innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) present potential for the future of AAC. However, a new future of AAC will only be as effective as it is responsive to the needs and dreams of the people who rely upon it every day.

The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Implementors' Fidelity of Instructional Strategies During Handwashing Acquisition in Children with Autism.

Handwashing is a vital skill for maintaining health and hygiene. For individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), such as autism spectrum disorder, evidence-based strategies, such as prompting and task analysis, may be effective in teaching these skills. Due to the shortage of experts who teach individuals with IDD skills such as handwashing, staff working with children need a means of ensuring these instructional strategies are implemented with fidelity.

Spatially resolved analysis of pancreatic cancer identifies therapy-associated remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.

In combination with cell-intrinsic properties, interactions in the tumor microenvironment modulate therapeutic response. We leveraged single-cell spatial transcriptomics to dissect the remodeling of multicellular neighborhoods and cell-cell interactions in human pancreatic cancer associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We developed spatially constrained optimal transport interaction analysis (SCOTIA), an optimal transport model with a cost function that includes both spatial distance and ligand-receptor gene expression.

Determining Associations Between Intervention Amount and Outcomes for Young Autistic Children: A Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Health professionals routinely recommend intensive interventions (ie, 20-40 hours per week) for autistic children. However, primary research backing this recommendation is sparse and plagued by methodological flaws.

Objective: To examine whether different metrics of intervention amount are associated with intervention effects on any developmental domain for young autistic children.

Evidence-b(i)ased practice: Selective and inadequate reporting in early childhood autism intervention research.

When researchers fail to report their findings or only report some of their findings, it can make it difficult for clinicians to provide effective intervention recommendations. However, no one has examined whether this is a problem in studies of early childhood autism interventions. We studied how researchers that study early childhood autism interventions report their findings.

Leveraging Communication Partner Speech to Automate Augmented Input for Children on the Autism Spectrum Who Are Minimally Verbal: Prototype Development and Preliminary Efficacy Investigation.

Purpose: Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology innovation is urgently needed to improve outcomes for children on the autism spectrum who are minimally verbal. One potential technology innovation is applying artificial intelligence (AI) to automate strategies such as augmented input to increase language learning opportunities while mitigating communication partner time and learning barriers. Innovation in AAC research and design methodology is also needed to empirically explore this and other applications of AI to AAC.

Increasing linguistic and prelinguistic communication for social closeness during naturalistic AAC instruction with young children on the autism spectrum.

This study examined the effects of an intervention package using high-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) with Naturalistic Instruction (NI), time delay, and prompting during social routines for preschoolers on the autism spectrum. The AAC was a communication application on a tablet programmed with color photo representations of participants and communication partners engaged in social routines. The primary dependent measure was a linguistic communication turn on the AAC device completing the instructor's cloze phrase related to the routine.

Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): updated systematic review and secondary analysis.

Objective: To summarize the breadth and quality of evidence supporting commonly recommended early childhood autism interventions and their estimated effects on developmental outcomes.

Design: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis (autism intervention meta-analysis; Project AIM).

Data Sources: A search was conducted in November 2021 (updating a search done in November 2017) of the following databases and registers: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with full text, Education Source, Educational Administration Abstracts, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SocINDEX with full text, , and ClinicalTrials.

Anastomosing haemangioma of the mediastinum: Clinicopathological series with radiological and genetic characterisation.

Aims: Anastomosing haemangiomas are benign tumours with anastomosing vascular channels that may mimic angiosarcoma. While anastomosing haemangiomas have been described in diverse locations, particularly the abdominal/paraspinal region, data on anastomosing haemangiomas in the mediastinum remain limited. We report the clinicopathological, radiological and molecular characteristics of the largest single-institutional series of mediastinal anastomosing haemangiomas.

Safety and immunogenicity of a multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy infants: A phase 2 randomized trial.

Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has led to substantial reductions in the global burden of pediatric pneumococcal disease. Expansion of serotype coverage has been achieved by increasing PCV valency, but this may carry the potential risk of antibody interference. A complementary 7-valent PCV (cPCV7) including polysaccharide conjugates from 7 non-13-valent (PCV13) serotypes was developed to potentially complement PCV13-mediated protection and expand serotype coverage.

Effects of Interaction Approaches and Added High-Tech Augmentative and Alternative Communication on Prelinguistic and Linguistic Communication from School-Age Beginning Communicators.

Introduction: Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention research is rarely focused on school-age beginning communicators, despite the urgent need to ensure individuals in this population have access to the fundamental human right of communication.

Methods: Four school-age children with multiple disabilities who were primarily prelinguistic communicators participated in the current study. The study used a single-subject research design to explore the effects of two interaction approaches - a social routine approach and a directive approach - on prelinguistic communication, compared to independent play and to one another.

Neonatal Drug Formularies-A Global Scope.

Neonatal drug information (DI) is essential for safe and effective pharmacotherapy in (pre)term neonates. Such information is usually absent from drug labels, making formularies a crucial part of the neonatal clinician's toolbox. Several formularies exist worldwide, but they have never been fully mapped or compared for content, structure and workflow.

Altered MANF Expression in Pancreatic Acinar and Ductal Cells in Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response protein that plays an important role in pancreatic functions. As both alcohol and ER stress response proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, we sought to investigate the expression of MANF in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) and chronic non-alcoholic pancreatitis (CNP).

Methods: A cohort of chronic pancreatitis tissues was gathered from routine surgical pathology ( = 77) and autopsy ( = 10) cases and tissue microarrays were created.

A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of 3 lots of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pneumococcal vaccine-naive adults 18 through 49 years of age.

Introduction: Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), including the 13-valent PCV (PCV13), has considerably reduced pneumococcal disease burden. However, additional serotypes not in PCV13 continue to present a substantial disease burden. The 20-valent PCV (PCV20) was developed to expand protection against pneumococcal disease beyond PCV13.

Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Cystic Duct: A Rare Location of a Rare Entity.

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are uncommon cystic lesions that arise in the liver and biliary system (MCN-LBS) and the pancreas (MCN-P) and rarely arise from the extrahepatic biliary system. Histologically, these lesions are defined by the presence of variably mucin-producing epithelium with ovarian-like, hypercellular mesenchymal stroma. Herein, we present a case of extrahepatic MCN-LBS in a 51-year-old woman.

Simulation versus live tissue training randomised trial for ECMO proficiency: is one better than the other?

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a classic low-volume high-risk procedure that requires just in time and/or refresher training through animal or simulation modalities. This manuscript evaluated the performance of ECMO personnel trained with both modalities to determine which is better suited for ECMO skills training.

Methods: Participants (physicians, nurses and respiratory/medical technicians) completed a series of ECMO scenarios with synthetic tissue cannulation task trainer as well as a live tissue model.

CE: Trauma-Related Hemorrhagic Shock: A Clinical Review.

Optimal management of trauma-related hemorrhagic shock begins at the point of injury and continues throughout all hospital settings. Several procedures developed on the battlefield to treat this condition have been adopted by civilian health care systems and are now used in a number of nonmilitary hospitals. Despite the important role nurses play in caring for patients with trauma-related hemorrhagic shock, much of the literature on this condition is directed toward paramedics and physicians.