Broad transcriptional response of the human esophageal epithelium to proton pump inhibitors.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been recognized as a primary treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an allergic inflammatory disease of the esophageal mucosa. The mechanisms underlying esophageal epithelial responses to PPIs remain poorly understood.

Objective: We hypothesized that PPIs can counteract IL-13-mediated esophageal epithelial responses that are germane for EoE pathogenesis.

Correction to Graphene Plasmon Cavities Made with Silicon Carbide.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00726.

Recurrent involvement with the Quebec child protection system for reasons of neglect: A longitudinal clinical population study.

Unlabelled: Studies in several jurisdictions have found that families become recurrently involved with child protection systems most frequently for reasons of neglect. Child protection involvement for reasons of neglect is shown to correlate with various socioeconomic vulnerabilities.

Objective: This study, the largest of its kind in Canada, examines when and for whom recurring conditions of neglect were most likely to occur for all children involved with child protection in the province of Quebec over a span of fifteen years.

Maternal H-antigen secretor status is an early biomarker for potential preterm delivery.

Objective: Pre-pregnancy or first trimester biomarkers predicting preterm delivery are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal H-antigen (secretor status) is a potential biomarker for preterm delivery.

Methods: This cohort study examined maternal saliva samples and birth data gathered by the National Children's Study Vanguard pilot phase (2009-2014) and included 300 women who were ≥18 years old and provided birth data and saliva samples.

Comparison of medical comorbidities in Medicare patients treated by orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons throughout the USA.

Aims: Medical comorbidities are a critical factor in the decision-making process for operative management and risk-stratification. The Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) risk adjustment model is a powerful measure of illness severity for patients treated by surgeons. The HCC is utilized by Medicare to predict medical expenditure risk and to reimburse physicians accordingly.

Lithography-free IR polarization converters via orthogonal in-plane phonons in α-MoO flakes.

Exploiting polaritons in natural vdW materials has been successful in achieving extreme light confinement and low-loss optical devices and enabling simplified device integration. Recently, α-MoO has been reported as a semiconducting biaxial vdW material capable of sustaining naturally orthogonal in-plane phonon polariton modes in IR. In this study, we investigate the polarization-dependent optical characteristics of cavities formed using α-MoO to extend the degrees of freedom in the design of IR photonic components exploiting the in-plane anisotropy of this material.

Long-lived modulation of plasmonic absorption by ballistic thermal injection.

Light-matter interactions that induce charge and energy transfer across interfaces form the foundation for photocatalysis, energy harvesting and photodetection, among other technologies. One of the most common mechanisms associated with these processes relies on carrier injection. However, the exact role of the energy transport associated with this hot-electron injection remains unclear.

Food insecurity, participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and the degree to which patients anticipate help from clinics to find food in Los Angeles County.

Healthcare clinics are uniquely positioned to screen for food insecurity and refer patients to food resources. This study examines this approach to address this social condition. A 2018 intercept survey of 1,103 adult patients recruited from across 11 clinic waiting rooms in Los Angeles County was conducted to describe the prevalence of food insecurity and whether Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and the degree to which patients anticipated their clinics to help them locate food varied by socio-demographic factors.

An extensible big data software architecture managing a research resource of real-world clinical radiology data linked to other health data from the whole Scottish population.

Aim: To enable a world-leading research dataset of routinely collected clinical images linked to other routinely collected data from the whole Scottish national population. This includes more than 30 million different radiological examinations from a population of 5.4 million and >2 PB of data collected since 2010.

Examining the Influence of Early-Life and Recent Traumatic Events on Loneliness in Centenarians.

Early-life traumatic experiences have lasting implications for late-life socio-emotional development, contributing to a greater prevalence of poor mental health in very old age. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of early-life and recent traumatic life experiences on loneliness among centenarians. A total of 154 centenarians participated in a semistructured interview.

Climate change could shift disease burden from malaria to arboviruses in Africa.

Malaria is a long-standing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue and chikungunya cause an under-recognised burden of disease. Many human and environmental drivers affect the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. In this Personal View, we argue that the direct effects of warming temperatures are likely to promote greater environmental suitability for dengue and other arbovirus transmission by Aedes aegypti and reduce suitability for malaria transmission by Anopheles gambiae.

Tubular injury and cell-cycle arrest biomarkers to predict acute kidney injury in noncritically ill children receiving aminoglycosides.

NGAL, IL-18, KIM-1 as well as urinary TIMP2 and IGFBP7 and their mathematical product (TIMP2*IGFBP7) were evaluated for detecting pediatric aminoglycoside acute kidney injury (AG-AKI). In a prospective study, noncritically ill children received aminoglycosides (AG) ≥3 days. The area under the curve (AUC) for biomarkers to detect AKI was calculated by a) days before AKI onset; b) treatment days.

Vascular ATP-sensitive K channels support maximal aerobic capacity and critical speed via convective and diffusive O transport.

Key Points: Oral sulphonylureas, widely prescribed for diabetes, inhibit pancreatic ATP-sensitive K (K ) channels to increase insulin release. However, K channels are also located within vascular (endothelium and smooth muscle) and muscle (cardiac and skeletal) tissue. We evaluated left ventricular function at rest, maximal aerobic capacity ( O max) and submaximal exercise tolerance (i.

Rapid and sensitive quantification of cell-associated multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Evaluating nanomaterial uptake and association by cells is relevant for in vitro studies related to safe-by-design approaches, nanomedicine or applications in photothermal therapy. However, standard analytical techniques are time-consuming, involve complex sample preparation or include labelling of the investigated sample system with e.g.

Generation of Leads for γ-Secretase Modulation.

Herein, we disclose three structurally differentiated γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) based on an oxadiazine scaffold. The analogues from series I potently inhibit the generation of Aβ in vitro when the substituents at 3 and 4 positions of the oxadiazine moiety adopt an α orientation (cf. ).

Spatial and temporal analysis of meso- and microplastic pollution in the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas.

Areas like the Mediterranean coastlines, which have high population density, represent locations of high pollution risk for surrounding environments. Thus, this study aims to compare data on the abundance, size, and composition of buoyant plastic particles collected during two weeks in 2019 in the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas with data from 2018. The results from 2019 show average meso- and microplastic particle concentrations of 255,865 ± 841,221 particles km, or 394.

Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography to Assess Tissue Mechanical Properties in Somatic Dysfunction: A Feasibility Study.

Context: Diagnosis of somatic dysfunction is based on subjective palpatory osteopathic assessments. This subjectivity has posed a challenge for researchers in studying osteopathic medicine. The development and use of radiological imaging techniques to objectively confirm or quantify muscle tissue stiffness associated with somatic dysfunction could be of benefit in osteopathic clinical practice, training, and further research.

Effect of CDC 2006 Revised HIV Testing Recommendations for Adults, Adolescents, Pregnant Women, and Newborns on State Laws, 2018.

In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its recommendations for HIV testing of 4 population groups in health care settings: adults, adolescents, pregnant women, and newborns. Important components of the revised recommendations included opt-out routine HIV screening; eliminating prevention counseling for opt-out routine HIV screening; repeat HIV testing in the third trimester for all women at high risk for acquiring HIV and for women receiving health care in facilities and/or jurisdictions with high HIV burden; testing during labor and delivery for women with undocumented HIV status; and testing the newborn when the mother's HIV status is unknown. To assess the integration of these testing recommendations into state laws and to inform future recommendations, we researched and assessed statutes and regulations that addressed HIV testing in the 4 population groups in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2018.

Caffeine, Energy Beverage Consumption, Fitness, and Sleep in U.S. Army Aviation Personnel.

Caffeine-containing products and dietary supplements are widely used by military populations, but little is known about their use by aviation personnel. This study assessed self-reported sleep, fitness, work-schedules, and caffeine/energy drink use. A standardized survey was conducted in person by study personnel using tablet computers.

Role of modelling in COVID-19 policy development.

Models have played an important role in policy development to address the COVID-19 outbreak from its emergence in China to the current global pandemic. Early projections of international spread influenced travel restrictions and border closures. Model projections based on the virus's infectiousness demonstrated its pandemic potential, which guided the global response to and prepared countries for increases in hospitalisations and deaths.

Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses.

Polaritons in two-dimensional materials provide extreme light confinement that is difficult to achieve with metal plasmonics. However, such tight confinement inevitably increases optical losses through various damping channels. Here we demonstrate that hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride can overcome this fundamental trade-off.

Modelling insights into the COVID-19 pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March, 2020. Response to this ongoing pandemic requires extensive collaboration across the scientific community in an attempt to contain its impact and limit further transmission. Mathematical modelling has been at the forefront of these response efforts by: (1) providing initial estimates of the SARS-CoV-2 reproduction rate, R (of approximately 2-3); (2) updating these estimates following the implementation of various interventions (with significantly reduced, often sub-critical, transmission rates); (3) assessing the potential for global spread before significant case numbers had been reported internationally; and (4) quantifying the expected disease severity and burden of COVID-19, indicating that the likely true infection rate is often orders of magnitude greater than estimates based on confirmed case counts alone.

Nociceptin is present in synovial fluid of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a mechanical abnormality characterized by chronic joint pain associated with degeneration of the articular cartilage, synovitis, and local inflammation, leading to loss of function and pain. A connection exists between the peripheral nervous system and inflammatory joint degeneration. The process by which inflammation is influenced by the nervous system is known as neuroinflammation.