COVID-19 Pandemic School Disruptions and Acute Mental Health in Children and Adolescents.

Importance: There are suggestions that school pressure may be stressful and a factor in child and adolescent mental health disturbances, but data about this association are scarce and inconclusive.

Objective: To assess whether varying degrees of school interruption were associated with changes in emergency department (ED) psychiatric visits of children and adolescents before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at 9 urban university hospitals in Italy.

A Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Aim: Concerns have been raised about possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the plausibility of long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 by assessing a sample of children after the resolution of the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Method: As part of a systematic follow-up assessment of pediatric patients with COVID-19 conducted at two university children's hospitals, 50 children (56% males) aged 8 to 17 years (median 11.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Emergencies.

Objective: By forcing closure of schools, curtailing outpatient services, and imposing strict social distancing, the COVID-19 pandemic has abruptly affected the daily life of millions worldwide, with still unclear consequences for mental health. This study aimed to evaluate if and how child and adolescent psychiatric visits to hospital emergency departments (EDs) changed during the pandemic lockdown, which started in Italy on February 24, 2020.

Methods: We examined all ED visits by patients under 18 years of age in the 7 weeks prior to February 24, 2020, and in the subsequent 8 weeks of COVID-19 lockdown at two urban university hospitals, in Turin and Rome, Italy.

Effects of the lower energy and pulse stacking in carbon dioxide laser skin treatment: an objective analysis using second harmonic generation.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment using lower power associated with pulse stacking within collagen fibers, using second harmonic generation microscopy and computerized image analysis.

Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats aging eight weeks were used. Each treatment area received a single-pass CO2 fractional laser with different parameters.

Where have the children with epilepsy gone? An observational study of seizure-related accesses to emergency department at the time of COVID-19.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown measures drastically changed health care and emergency services utilization. This study evaluated trends in emergency department (ED) access for seizure-related reasons in the first 8 weeks of lockdown in Italy.

Methods: All ED accesses of children (<14 years of age) at two university hospitals, in Turin and Rome, Italy, between January 6, 2020 and April 21, 2020, were examined and compared with the corresponding periods of 2019.

Comparative clinical evaluation of breast augmentation using silicone foam coated implants and textured implants.

Purpose: To evaluate whether silicone foam implants have a different evolution pattern compared to conventional texture implants.

Methods: Fifty-eight female patients underwent surgery. They were divided into two groups (silicone foam - Lifesil® - and microtexturized silicone - Lifesil®).

Renal Function 1 Year After Bariatric Surgery: Influence of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Identification of Pre-Operative Predictors of Improvement.

Background: While evidence of improved renal function following gastric bypass exists, pre-operative predictors of this improvement are not completely known.

Objectives: To assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to identify pre-operative predictors associated with the improvement of renal function.

Methods: A historical cohort study, which included 109 obese patients before and 12 months after RYGB, was classified into subgroups according to GFR (normofiltration, hypofiltration (GFR < 5th percentile), and hyperfiltration (GFR > 95th percentile)).

Alexithymia, Metacognition, and Theory of Mind in Children and Preadolescents With Migraine Without Aura (MWoA): A Case-Control Study.

Some studies have demonstrated the high impact of headache and migraine in several areas of children and adolescents' life. In recent years, there has been an increase in scientific interest in the relationship between migraine and emotional regulation, investigating the possible consequences of emotional dysregulation on physical and mental health. While some studies have been carried out on the relationship between alexithymia and headache or migraine (especially in adults), no data exist on relationship between Theory of Mind (TOM), metacognition, and alexithymia in children and adolescents with migraine.

Headache and Alexithymia in Children and Adolescents: What Is the Connection?

Headache is one of the most common complaints in children and adolescents and comorbidity rates are very high and the major associated diseases are depression, anxiety, atopic disorders, sleep, and behavioral disorders. In recent years, it has been highlighted that difficulties regulating emotions such as alexithymia have also been associated with diagnosis of somatization. We carried out a mini review analyzing the relation between alexithymia and primary headache (e.

Metacognition and Headache: Which Is the Role in Childhood and Adolescence?

Headache, in particular migraine, is one of the most frequent neurological symptoms in children and adolescents and it affects about 60% of children and adolescents all over the world. Headache can affect several areas of child's functioning, such as school, physical activities, peer, and family relationship. The global and severe burden of this disease requires a multidisciplinary strategy and an effective treatment addressed all of the patient's needs and based on cutting-edge scientific research.

Liquid silicone used for esthetic purposes as a potentiator for occurrence of post-radiotherapy genital lymphedema: case report.

Context:: Lymphedema consists of extracellular fluid retention caused by lymphatic obstruction. In chronic forms, fat and fibrous tissue accumulation is observed. Genital lymphedema is a rare condition in developed countries and may have primary or acquired etiology.

Patient Versus Surgeon Preferences Between Traditional and Neo-omphaloplasty in Post-bariatric Abdominoplasty.

Background: Abdominoplasty procedures have been proven highly valuable in promoting better quality of life for post-bariatric surgery patients. The literature reveals that the aspect of the navel is one of the most problematic issues regarding surgical results and many different surgical techniques have been proposed to obtain a satisfactory outcome. However, little is known about patients' preferences regarding these different techniques and their results.

Lower energy and pulse stacking. A safer alternative for skin tightening using fractional CO2 laser.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different energies and stacking in skin shrinkage.

Methods: Three decreasing settings of a fractional CO2 laser were applied to the abdomen of Twenty five Wistar rats divided into three groups. Group I (n=5) was histologically evaluated for microthermal zones dimensions.

Paired evaluation of calvarial reconstruction with prototyped titanium implants with and without ceramic coating.

Purpose: To investigate the osseointegration properties of prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin calcium phosphate coating.

Methods: Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were created in thirty Wistar rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were kept for 15, 45 and 90 days.

Prevalence of severe ADHD: an epidemiological study in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Latium.

Background: The rate with which attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed varies widely across countries, suggesting that cultural factors influence the clinical interpretation of child behaviour. This study estimated the point prevalence of severe ADHD among elementary and middle-school Italian children.

Method: An epidemiological sample of 2016 children attending 2nd-8th grade in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Latium was selected based on census distribution of the school-age population.

Cranial reconstruction: 3D biomodel and custom-built implant created using additive manufacturing.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology from engineering has helped to achieve several advances in the medical field, particularly as far as fabrication of implants is concerned. The use of AM has made it possible to carry out surgical planning and simulation using a three-dimensional physical model which accurately represents the patient's anatomy. AM technology enables the production of models and implants directly from a 3D virtual model, facilitating surgical procedures and reducing risks.

Thoraco-omphalopagus asymmetric conjoined twins: report of a case and complete review of the literature.

Thoraco-omphalopagus asymmetric conjoined twinning is a rare condition in which a grossly defective foetus (the parasite) is attached to the thorax and upper abdomen of the main foetus (the autosite). We describe a case of thoraco-omphalopagus asymmetric conjoined twins in which the autosite had an associated large-diameter omphalocoele that was successfully separated at our institution. Reconstruction of the resulting abdominal-wall defect was performed using a flap from the gluteal region and the proximal portion of the inferior limb of the parasite, which is demonstrated.

Seven-year institutional experience in the surgical treatment of orbito-zygomatic fractures.

Introduction: Facial trauma is a common injury in the urban setting. Many studies have been published on the epidemiology of facial fractures, but few of them conducted in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients treated for orbito-zygomatic fractures at our institution.

Open-label amantadine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible efficacy and tolerability of amantadine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in stimulant-naïve children.

Methods: Twenty four children (5-13 years old) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) ADHD (4 inattentive, 2 hyperactive, and 18 combined type) entered a 6-week open-label treatment with amantadine (50-150 mg) given as a single morning dose. Parent and teacher ADHD rating scales and the parent Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were administered at baseline and at week 6.

Does bronchopulmonary dysplasia change the postoperative outcome of herniorrhaphy in premature babies?

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common surgical condition in premature neonates. Because of physiological immaturity, they can present with lung-related diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which may influence the time for operation and the postoperative outcome after hernia repair. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of BPD in the outcome of premature infants who underwent herniorrhaphy.

Haptoglobin phenotype appears to affect the pathogenesis of American trypanosomiasis.

In Latin America, 16 million-18 million people are thought to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes American trypanosomiasis. The pathophysiology of this disease, particularly that of its chronic phase, has yet to be fully elucidated. The major function of haptoglobin, an acute-phase plasma protein found in three different phenotypes (Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2), is to bind to free haemoglobin and so prevent the accumulation of reactive hydroxyl radicals and renal damage.

Differentiating childhood-onset schizophrenia from psychotic mood disorders.

Objective: The authors systematically examined a sample of patients who were referred to an ongoing National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) study of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), but who received diagnoses of mood disorders at the NIMH, to analyze the reliability of these research-setting diagnoses and to characterize the patients clinically. Pilot data regarding the clinical course of these patients over a 2- to 7-year follow-up period were also obtained.

Method: Thirty-three cases were selected from the 215 pediatric patients who had been screened in person from 1991 to 1999 for admission to the COS study.