TG1 increases endogenous salicylic acid content and antioxidants activity in wheat seedlings under salinity stress.

Several studies have reported the deleterious effects of excessive salt stress on L. seedlings. Seed pretreatment with exogenous salicylic acid (SA) enhances plants to tolerate salt stress.

Microbial Fertilization Improves Soil Health When Compared to Chemical Fumigation in Sweet Lily.

Lanzhou Lily( var. , which is also known as sweet lily in China, is used as a type of food. This lily is distributed in narrow regions, propagates asexually, cultivates perennially, and cultivates commonly in serious consecutive replant problems (CRPs).

Grafting-enhanced tolerance of cucumber to toxic stress is associated with regulation of phenolic and other aromatic acids metabolism.

Toxic stress caused by autotoxins is a common phenomenon for cucumber under monoculture condition. A previous study demonstrated that grafting could enhance the resistance of cucumber to cinnamic acid (CA) stress, but the underlying mechanism behind this enhanced resistance is still unclear. In the present study, we reconfirmed the stronger resistance of grafted rootstock (RG) compared to the non-grafted (NG) cucumber as measured though plant biomass accumulation.

(TG1) Enhances Wheat Seedlings Tolerance to Salt Stress and Resistance to .

Salinity is abiotic stress that inhibits seed germination and suppresses plant growth and root development in a dose-dependent manner. (Fg) is a plant pathogen that causes wheat crown rot. Chemical control methods against Fg are toxic to the environment and resistance has been observed in wheat crops.

Phi as alternative selectable marker system for genetic transformation for bio-safety concerns: a review.

Antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes are the most common marker genes for plant transformation to improve crop yield and food quality. However, there is public concern about the use of resistance marker genes in food crops due to the risk of potential gene flow from transgenic plants to compatible weedy relatives, leading to the possible development of "superweeds" and antibiotic resistance. Several selectable marker genes such as , which have been synthesized to generate transgenic plants by genetic transformation, have shown some limitations.

Proteomic analysis reveals key proteins involved in ethylene-induced adventitious root development in cucumber ( L.).

The mechanisms involved in adventitious root formation reflect the adaptability of plants to the environment. Moreover, the rooting process is regulated by endogenous hormone signals. Ethylene, a signaling hormone molecule, has been shown to play an essential role in the process of root development.

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Morphogenesis and Na Subcellular Distribution in the Apical Cells of L. Under Salinity Stress.

Soil salinity causes damage to plants and a reduction in output. A natural plant growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), has been shown to promote plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we assessed the effects of exogenously applied ALA (25 mg L) on the root architecture and Na distribution of cucumber ( L.

Effect of anthocyanin-absorbed whey protein microgels on physicochemical and textural properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese.

Reduced-fat foods have become more popular due to their health benefits; however, reducing the fat content of food affects the sensory experience. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sensory acceptance of reduced-fat foods to that of full-fat equivalents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding whey protein microgels (WPM) with an average diameter of 4 μm, or WPM with adsorbed anthocyanins [WPM (Ant)] on the textural and sensory properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese (RFC).

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera xanthii on Hulless Cucurbita pepo of Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Autonomous Region in China.

Hulless Cucurbita pepo is an annual herb in the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the main economic vegetable crops in China, and is a raw material for cosmetics and health care products. It is also called hulless pumpkin because its seeds have no seed coat, which is a rare variation of the Cucurbita. In July 2010, powdery mildew was observed on hulless Cucurbita pepo 'Tianran' in fields of Wuwei District, China(Liang et al.

Soil Fungal Diversity Loss and Appearance of Specific Fungal Pathogenic Communities Associated With the Consecutive Replant Problem (CRP) in Lily.

Edible lily ( var. ) has economic value in China, particularly in Gansu Province, due to its uses as food and in gardening. Edible lily is usually cultivated in a long-term continuous monoculture resulting in the so-called consecutive replant problem (CRP), which is associated with severe soil degradation and significant yield and quality losses.

Foliar application of abscisic acid mitigates cadmium stress and increases food safety of cadmium-sensitive lettuce ( L.) genotype.

Cadmium (Cd) is among the toxic non-essential heavy metals that adversely affect plants metabolic processes and the safety of produce. However, plant hormones can improve plant's tolerance to various stresses. This study investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the biochemical and physiological processes and food safety of cadmium (Cd)-sensitive lettuce genotype ().

Corrigendum to: Promoting pepper (Capsicum annuum) photosynthesis via chloroplast ultrastructure and enzyme activities by optimising the ammonium to nitrate ratio.

Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. In this pot experiment, the effects of five different ammonium:nitrate ratios (ANRs) (0:100, 12.5:87.

Promoting pepper (Capsicum annuum) photosynthesis via chloroplast ultrastructure and enzyme activities by optimising the ammonium to nitrate ratio.

Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. In this pot experiment, the effects of five different ammonium:nitrate ratios (ANRs) (0:100, 12.5:87.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Different Response to Toxic Stress in Rootstock Grafted and Non-Grafted Cucumber Seedlings.

Autotoxicity of root exudates is one of the main reasons for consecutive monoculture problem (CMP) in cucumber under greenhouse cultivation. Rootstock grafting may improve the tolerance of cucumber plants to autotoxic stress. To verify the enhanced tolerance to autotoxic stress and illuminate relevant molecular mechanism, a transcriptomic comparative analysis was performed between rootstock grafted (RG) and non-grafted (NG) cucumber plants by a simulation of exogenous cinnamic acid (CA).

Nitric Oxide Is Involved in the Regulation of the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Induced by the Appropriate Ammonium: Nitrate to Mitigate Low Light Stress in .

Low light intensity is common in northern China due to fog or haze, and causes stress for crop plants. To solve the problem of low light intensity stress on the growth and development of vegetable crops in China, new cropping strategies must be developed. We previously showed that an appropriate ratio of ammonium and nitrate (NH:NO) can alleviate the effect of low light stress on plants, although it is not clear what mechanism is involved in this alleviation.

Root tolerance and biochemical response of Chinese lettuce ( L.) genotypes to cadmium stress.

This study was conducted to determine the root tolerance and biochemical responses of four Chinese L. genotypes ( and ) to cadmium (Cd) stress. Twenty-eight days old seedlings were exposed to Hoagland's nutrient solution supplied with or without 100 µM CdCl and monitored for seven days in a climate controlled room.

Lateral Root Development in Potato Is Mediated by Stu-mi164 Regulation of NAC Transcription Factor.

The NAC designation is derived from petunia () gene () and genes and (), which belongs to the family of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), and plays important role in plant development processes, such as response to biotic and abiotic stress, and hormone signaling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding endogenous RNAs which play versatile and significant role in plant stress response and development via negatively affecting gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Here, we showed that Stu-mi164 had a complementary sequence in the CDS sequence of potato NAC TFs, and that NAC expression exhibited significant differences under osmotic stress.

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in potato under abiotic stress.

Background: Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the most commonly used method for accurately detecting gene expression patterns. As part of RT-qPCR analysis, normalization of the data requires internal control gene(s) that display uniform expression under different biological conditions. However, no invariable internal control gene exists, and therefore more than one reference gene is needed to normalize RT-qPCR results.

Significant and unique changes in phosphorylation levels of four phosphoproteins in two apple rootstock genotypes under drought stress.

Drought stress is a major problem around the world and there is still little molecular mechanism about how fruit crops deal with moderate drought stress. Here, the physiological and phosphoproteomic responses of drought-sensitive genotype (M26) and drought-tolerant genotype (MBB) under moderate drought stress were investigated. Our results of the physiology analysis indicated that the MBB genotype could produce more osmosis-regulating substances.

Different exogenous sugars affect the hormone signal pathway and sugar metabolism in "Red Globe" (Vitis vinifera L.) plantlets grown in vitro as shown by transcriptomic analysis.

Exogenously applied 2% fructose is the most appropriate carbon source that enhances photosynthesis and growth of grape plantlets compared with the same concentrations of sucrose and glucose. The role of the sugars was regulated by the expression of key candidate genes related to hormones, key metabolic enzymes, and sugar metabolism of grape plantlets ( Vitis vinifera L.) grown in vitro.

Transcriptome Analysis of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Revealed a Role of 24-Epibrassinolide in Response to Chilling.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) have positive effects on many processes during plant growth, development, and various abiotic stress responses. However, little information is available regarding the global gene expression of BRs in response to chilling stress in pepper. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to determine the molecular roles of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) during a chilling stress response.

Early development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Background: Detailed descriptions of the early development of parasitic nematodes are seldom available. The embryonic development of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita was studied, focusing on the early events.

Results: A fixed pattern of repeated cell cleavages was observed, resulting in the appearance of the six founder cells 3 days after the first cell division.

Damage to Trichothecium roseum caused by sodium silicate is independent from pH.

Trichothecium roseum is one of the most important postharvest pathogens in arid and semiarid regions. Sodium silicate (NaSi) and environmental pH have significant inhibitory effects on fungal growth. However, no study has addressed the relationship of NaSi and pH in combination and the effects on T.

Nontemplate polymerization of free nucleotides into genetic elements by thermophilic DNA polymerase in vitro.

DNA synthesis is the cornerstone of all life forms and is required to replicate and restore the genetic information. Usually, DNA synthesis is carried out only by DNA polymerases semiconservatively to copy preexisting DNA templates. We report here that DNA strands were synthesized ab initio in the absence of any DNA or RNA template by thermophilic DNA polymerases at (a) a constant high temperature (74°C), (b) alternating temperatures (94°C/60°C/74°C), or (c) physiological temperatures (37°C).