Publications by authors named "Calder R Ellsworth"
Article Synopsis
- * Prolonged stress leads to decreased NK cell numbers and functions across various species, with particular age and stress exposure impacting effectiveness; rehabilitation strategies have shown limited success.
- * Differences in stress response are noted between genders, with females showing greater NK cell suppression, and research indicates mice are not ideal models for studying stress effects on NK cells, pointing to the need for further investigation into the mechanisms behind NK cell dysfunction.
Article Synopsis
- Tlr7 deficiency is linked to more severe COVID-19 due to lower production of interferons (IFNs), which are important for the immune response.
- Infected mice show that the virus activates Tlr7 and IFN pathways initially; however, Tlr7 and Irf7 deficiencies lead to worse symptoms and higher viral loads.
- Deficiencies in Tlr7 and Irf7 result in reduced antibody production against SARS-CoV-2, hindering the body's ability to clear the virus effectively.
Enhanced complement activation and MAC formation accelerates severe COVID-19.
Cell Mol Life Sci
September 2024
Emerging evidence indicates that activation of complement system leading to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) plays a detrimental role in COVID-19. However, their pathogenic roles have never been experimentally investigated before. We used three knock out mice strains (1.
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- * MA30-infected C57BL/6 mice showed severe lung inflammation and edema, similar to what severe COVID-19 patients experience, while K18-ACE2 mice had different inflammation patterns.
- * The research highlights the importance of T and B cells for an effective immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as their depletion led to worse infection outcomes, whereas NK cells had a minimal effect during the acute phase.
Emerging role of complement in COVID-19 and other respiratory virus diseases.
Cell Mol Life Sci
February 2024
The complement system, a key component of innate immunity, provides the first line of defense against bacterial infection; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that it may also engender severe complications in the context of viral respiratory disease. Here, we review the mechanisms of complement activation and regulation and explore their roles in both protecting against infection and exacerbating disease. We discuss emerging evidence related to complement-targeted therapeutics in COVID-19 and compare the role of the complement in other respiratory viral diseases like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSARS-CoV-2 infection can cause persistent respiratory sequelae. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that sub-lethally infected K18-human ACE2 mice show patchy pneumonia associated with histiocytic inflammation and collagen deposition at 21 and 45 days post infection (DPI).
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