Development of a Whey Protein Recovery Process Using Sugar Kelp ( Extracts.

Whey is the largest waste product of the cheese-making industry and the current methods of extracting the nutrients from it are costly and inefficient. This study assessed the feasibility of using crude polysaccharides to flocculate proteins from liquid whey waste. The flocculants used were a sugar kelp ( extract, as well as commercial seaweed polysaccharides, alginate and k-carrageenan, to recover proteins from the liquid whey waste.

Enlarged Breast Size (Macromastia) and Associated Neurologic Risks: A Scoping Review.

Background And Objectives: Symptomatic macromastia (enlarged breasts) is a syndrome of persistent headache, neck and shoulder pain, thoracic kyphosis, painful shoulder grooving from bra straps, inframammary rash, backache, and upper extremity paresthesias. Up to 89% of the 100,000 US women undergoing breast reduction surgery (reduction mammoplasty) annually report headache preoperatively with many endorsing postoperative headache improvement. Headache is one insurance indication to cover surgical reduction, and peak prevalence of migraine matches the average age of women with macromastia at time of surgery.

Confidence in research findings depends on theory.

Almaatouq et al. view the purpose of research is to map variable-to-variable relationships (e.g.

Postoperative Day 1 Discharge in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: With high success rates of autologous breast reconstruction, the focus has shifted from flap survival to improved patient outcomes. Historically, a criticism of autologous breast reconstruction has been the length of hospital stay. Our institution has progressively shortened the length of stay after deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction and began discharging select patients on postoperative day 1 (POD1).

Valproic acid affects neurogenesis during early optic tectum development in zebrafish.

The mammalian superior colliculus and its non-mammalian homolog, the optic tectum (OT), are midbrain structures that integrate multimodal sensory inputs and guide non-voluntary movements in response to prevalent stimuli. Recent studies have implicated this structure as a possible site affected in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interestingly, fetal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has also been associated with an increased risk of ASD in humans and animal models.

A pilot study to show that asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections alter the foreskin epithelial proteome.

There is limited data on the role of asymptomatic STIs (aSTIs) on the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in the male genital tract (MGT). The impact of foreskin removal on lowering HIV acquisition is well described, but molecular events leading to HIV acquisition are unclear. Here, in this pilot study, we show that asymptomatic urethral infection with (CT) significantly impacts the foreskin proteome composition.

Strongylopus grayii tadpole blastema extract exerts cytotoxic effects on embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells.

Amphibians have regenerative capacity and are resistant to developing cancer. This suggests that the developing blastema, located at the tissue regeneration site, may secrete anti-cancer factors. Here, we investigate the anti-cancer potential of tadpole tail blastema extracts (TAD) from the stream frog, Strongylopus grayii, in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) cells.

Identification of novel salivary candidate protein biomarkers for tuberculosis diagnosis: A preliminary biomarker discovery study.

Background: There is an urgent need for new, accurate, rapid, and affordable tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests. The aim of the present study was to use mass spectrometry to identify new preliminary candidate TB diagnostic protein biomarkers in saliva obtained from individuals with TB, and patients with other respiratory diseases (ORD).

Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 22 individuals who self-presented with symptoms suggestive of TB as part of a larger TB biomarker project.

Protocols for Preparation and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Clinical Urine Samples to Identify Candidate Biomarkers of Schistosoma-Associated Bladder Cancer.

Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation have revolutionized analytical capability in clinical proteomics. In parallel, various sample preparation methods have been developed to try to address the inherent complexity and dynamic range of clinical samples, typically involving a combination of depletion of abundant proteins followed by extensive prefractionation. However, the depth of coverage routinely achieved in discovery proteomics experiments on peripheral fluids such as serum, still leaves something to be desired, especially if no depletion or prefractionation is done in order to increase the throughput of clinical samples.

Dermal Regeneration Template and Staged Skin Grafting for Extirpative Scalp Wound Reconstruction: A 14-Year Experience.

Objective: Dermal regeneration template and staged split-thickness skin grafting may mitigate the need for flap coverage of postoncologic scalp defects. This technique has been studied previously in small case series. We examine the effect of risk factors, surgical technique, irradiation, and dressing modalities on reconstructive outcomes in a highly comorbid patient cohort.

Microbial function and genital inflammation in young South African women at high risk of HIV infection.

Background: Female genital tract (FGT) inflammation is an important risk factor for HIV acquisition. The FGT microbiome is closely associated with inflammatory profile; however, the relative importance of microbial activities has not been established. Since proteins are key elements representing actual microbial functions, this study utilized metaproteomics to evaluate the relationship between FGT microbial function and inflammation in 113 young and adolescent South African women at high risk of HIV infection.

Analysis of the regenerative capacity of human serum exosomes after a simple multistep separation from lipoproteins.

Due to the abundance of lipoproteins in blood, it is challenging to characterize the biological functions and components of blood-derived extracellular vesicles. The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-step purification protocol to separate serum exosomes from serum proteins and lipoproteins and assess their regenerative potential. Exosomes were isolated by concentrating them in human serum using ultracentrifugation (UC), followed sequentially by density gradient (DG) UC and size exclusion chromatography (SEC).

A Retrospective Analysis of Intervention for Testicular Torsion: Searching for a Hallmark of High Reliability.

Unlabelled: Consistent delivery of high-quality care is a marker of health-care system reliability. Although clinically abstracted outcome databases have revolutionized surgical quality improvement efforts for many high-volume procedures, their utility in aiding the improvement of time-sensitive processes is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether process measures surrounding the delivery of timely surgical care could delineate the variability in the outcome of patients with testicular torsion.

A Human Lung Challenge Model to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of PPD and Live Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

A human model to better understand tuberculosis immunopathogenesis and facilitate vaccine development is urgently needed. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in a lung-oriented controlled human infection model. We recruited 106 healthy South African participants with varying degrees of tuberculosis susceptibility.

Associating HOand NO-related changes in the proteome of Mycobacterium smegmatis with enhanced survival in macrophage.

Mycobacterium manages to evade the host cell immune system, partially owing to its ability to survive redox stress after macrophage engulfment. Exposure to redox stress has been linked to later replication, persistence, and latent infection. In this work, mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the cell-wide changes that occur in response to sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide over time, with Mycobacterium smegmatis being used as a model organism.

The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: 3D Extracellular Matrices as Accomplices.

Background: The functional interplay between tumor cells and their adjacent stroma has been suggested to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of tumors and the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of extracellular proteins, provides both physical and chemicals cues necessary for cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Understanding how ECM composition and biomechanical properties affect cancer progression and response to chemotherapeutic drugs is vital to the development of targeted treatments.

Qualitative Consumer Research on Acceptance of Long-Acting Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Products Among Men Having Sex with Men and Medical Practitioners in the United States.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral Truvada prevents HIV infection. However, the adherence to pill taking required for efficacy has sparked interest in developing new antiretroviral delivery systems that decrease such demands. Long-acting formulations, such as injections and implants, represent promising options that require less frequent adherence.

Identification of Novel Physiological Substrates of BCG Protein Kinase G (PknG) by Label-free Quantitative Phosphoproteomics.

Mycobacterial Ser/Thr kinases play a critical role in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. Linking kinases to the substrates they phosphorylate , thereby elucidating their exact functions, is still a challenge. The aim of this work was to associate protein phosphorylation in mycobacteria with important subsequent macro cellular events by identifying the physiological substrates of PknG in BCG.

Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of human urine to identify novel candidate protein biomarkers for schistosomiasis.

Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease that is characterized by continued inflammatory challenges to the exposed population and it has been established as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. Improved diagnosis of schistosomiasis and its associated pathology is possible through mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers among the infected population, which will influence early detection of the disease and its subtle morbidity.

Methodology: A high-throughput proteomic approach was used to analyse human urine samples for 49 volunteers from Eggua, a schistosomiasis endemic community in South-West, Nigeria.

Global proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics indicate novel mechanisms of vitamin C induced dormancy in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Unlabelled: Vitamin C has been found to affect mycobacteria in multiple ways, including increasing susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, inducing dormancy, and having a bactericidal effect. However, the regulatory events mediating vitamin C related adaptations remain largely elusive. Ser/Thr/Tyr protein phosphorylation plays an important regulatory role in mycobacteria, contributing to environmental adaptation, including dormancy and drug resistance.

Proteomic comparison of three clinical diarrhoeagenic drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates grown on CHROMagar™STEC media.

Unlabelled: Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are key diarrhoea-causing foodborne pathogens. We used proteomics to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance protein profiles of three clinical pathogenic E. coli isolates (two EPEC [one resistant to ciprofloxacin] and one STEC) cultured on CHROMagar™STEC solid media after minimal laboratory passage.

Mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory connexin43 mimetic peptide JM2.

Connexin-based therapeutics have shown the potential for therapeutic efficacy in improving wound healing. Our previous work demonstrated that the connexin43 (Cx43) mimetic peptide juxtamembrane 2 (JM2) reduced the acute inflammatory response to a submuscular implant model by inhibiting purinergic signaling. Given the prospective application in improving tissue-engineered construct tolerance that these results indicated, we sought to determine the mechanism of action for JM2 in the present study.