Leisure Screen Time and Food Consumption among Brazilian Adults.

Background: Screen time, involving activities like watching television (TV), and using tablets, mobile phones, and computers (electronic devices), is associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. This study aimed to analyze the association between prolonged leisure screen time and healthy and unhealthy food consumption indicators among Brazilian adults (≥18 years).

Methods: Data from the National Health Survey (NHS), conducted in 2019 (n = 88,531), were used.

Updating trends in sweetened beverages consumption in Brazil from 2007 to 2021.

Objective: To analyze the time trend of sweetened beverages consumption among Brazilian adults in 26 capitals and the Federal District, from 2007 to 2021, with focus on the most recent period (2015 to 2021).

Methods: Data from the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel - Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey)were used to conduct a time-series analysis (n = 731,683). The prevalence of regular consumption (five or more days/week), average daily consumption (milliliters) and nonconsumption of sweetened beverages were analyzed.

Association between depression and ultra-processed food consumption: a population-based study (Vigitel, 2023).

Objectives: To evaluate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with depression among Brazilian adults (≥18 years).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were obtained from a population-based survey conducted in 2023 (n = 21,690).

Differences in the cost and environmental impact between the current diet in Brazil and healthy and sustainable diets: a modeling study.

Background: While healthy and sustainable diets benefit human and planetary health, their monetary cost has a direct impact on consumer food choices. This study aimed to identify the cost and environmental impact of the current Brazilian diet (CBD) and compare it with healthy and sustainable diets.

Methods: Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey 2017/18 and the Footprints of Foods and Culinary Preparations Consumed in Brazil database were used for a modeling study comparing the cost of healthy and sustainable diets (based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines (BDG) diet and the EAT-Lancet diet) versus the CBD.

Health risk factors among adult individuals with and without diabetes in Brazil: Vigitel (2020-2023).

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) among Brazilian adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data of 75,860 Brazilian adults (≥18 years) were collected using the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) (2020-2023).

Social participation in Anvisa's regulations: hybrid, colloquial, and scientific evidence for democratic decision-making.

Anvisa's public consultation (PC) is the most widely used social participation mechanism in current health regulations, which was based on antagonistic movements: the democratization of decision-making and State counter-reformation. Starting from the concept of social participation, defined as various actions from society related to public decision-making, which values diversity and the exercise of citizenship, the present article discusses the possibility of PCs configuring a democratic regulation process by considering popular beliefs and colloquial evidence, and promoting the creation of hybrid evidence in an evidence-moderated model. Despite the different interests, the PCs open the door to opportunities for democratic deliberation by society in the search of understanding, where it is expected that the State will make the best decision and justify it.

Group A Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome With Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Rare Presentation in Newborns.

Invasive disease due to group A infection results in a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. In the neonatal period, the occurrence is rare and potentially serious. We present a case of a term male newborn on the 9th day of life who was admitted to the emergency room with moaning and poor feeding.

Food price trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

The present study aims to analyze the trends in food price in Brazil with emphasis on the period of the Covid-19 pandemic (from March 2020 to March 2022). Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey and the National System of Consumer Price Indexes were used as input to create a novel data set containing monthly prices (R$/Kg) for the foods and beverages most consumed in the country between January 2018 and March 2022. All food items were divided according to the Nova food classification system.

Leisure time physical activity among older adults in Brazil: a time series analysis of a population-based survey (2009-2020).

The practice of leisure time physical activity brings several health benefits, such as the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Investigating the temporal trend of physical activity practice in older adults by sociodemographic characteristics and geographical regions could be important to plan public health policies and effective interventions. This is a time series study that analyzes the temporal trend of leisure time physical activity among Brazilian older adults with data from 2009 to 2020.

Health characteristics and behaviors associated with self-reported depression among Brazilian reproductive-aged women: Data from a population-based survey (2020-2021).

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the health characteristics and behaviors associated with depression in a large probabilistic sample of Brazilian reproductive-aged women. A total of 11,698 non-pregnant women aged 18-49 years old from the 26 Brazilian capitals and Federal District were interviewed by landline between 2020 and 2021. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) of health characteristics and behaviors (smoking, alcohol abuse, physical activity, regular intake of fruits and vegetables, overweight, obesity and poor self-rated health) according to the presence of depression and drug treatment for depression.

Temporal Trend in the Coexistence of Risk Behaviors for Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil: 2009-2019.

Introduction: Individuals can accumulate multiple risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, increasing the chance of adverse health outcomes. We aimed to analyze the temporal trend in the coexistence of risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases and their association with sociodemographic characteristics among adults in Brazil from 2009 through 2019.

Methods: This cross-sectional study and time-series analysis was based on data collected by the Surveillance System for Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) from 2009 through 2019 (N = 567,336).

Microstructural Changes in the Corpus Callosum in Systemic Lupus Erythematous.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) occurs in more than 50% of patients. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has identified global cerebral atrophy, as well as the involvement of the corpus callosum and hippocampus, which is associated with cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional study we included 71 cSLE (mean age 24.

Changes in Screen Time in Brazil: A Time-Series Analysis 2016-2021.

Purpose: To analyze the temporal trend of leisure screen time among adults in Brazil between 2016 and 2021.

Design: Time-series analysis of six cross-sectional surveys.

Setting: Data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) (2016/21).

Adolescent Pregnancy: A Case-Series Study of 112 Adolescent Mothers and Their Newborns.

Background Although declining, adolescent pregnancy remains an important health concern and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. We aimed to characterize adolescent pregnancy in a level II hospital and the observed maternal, fetal, and perinatal complications. Methods We conducted a case-series study of five-years duration with adolescent mothers and their newborns.

Chronic disease risk and protective behaviors in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District, according to the National Health Survey and the Chronic Disease Risk and Protective Factors Telephone Survey Surveillance System, 2019.

Objective: To describe and compare the results of the main risk and protective factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, obtained through the National Health Survey (PNS) and the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) in 2019.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, in which the difference in prevalence between health behavior indicators investigated by PNS and VIGITEL was calculated.

Results: The largest discrepancy between the surveys, PNS (n = 32,111) and VIGITEL (n = 52,443), were observed in relation to leisure-time physical activity (6.

Donepezil Hydrochloride BCS Class Ambiguity: Relevant Aspects to be Considered in Drug Classification.

Donepezil hydrochloride (DH) is the most used anti-Alzheimer's disease drug, however, its classification according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is not clear in the literature. BCS is one of the accepted criteria used to grant biowaiver (waiver of in vivo bioequivalence studies) of new drug products. So, the purpose of this work was to elucidate the BCS classification of DH and to raise the discussion about the possibility of biowaiver for new medicines containing it.

Biopharmaceutics studies applied to goyazensolide: a drug candidate from Lychnophora species.

Objectives: To predict the substance's behaviour in vivo and determine the viability of the bioactive substance to become a drug, this work aimed to evaluate the biopharmaceutics characteristics of goyazensolide.

Methods: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) were applied for the characterization of goyazensolide. The biopharmaceutics characteristics were evaluated using in-silico and in-vitro (shake-flask and Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) methods.

Biopharmaceutics considerations for direct oral anticoagulants.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been clinically used in the treatment of coagulation disorders. There are four DOACs approved since 2010 (dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), and they were designed to overcome the practical limitations of VKA. This review summarized biopharmaceutics considerations about DOACs, which are critically discussed, applying risk analyses to subside the further classification of these drugs according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS).

Eremantholide C from aerial parts of Lychnophora trichocarpha, as drug candidate: fraction absorbed prediction in humans and BCS permeability class determination.

Background: Lychnophora trichocarpha (Spreng.) Spreng. ex Sch.

Novel Insights to Enhance Therapeutics With Acyclovir in the Management of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract due to its hydrophilicity, with low oral bioavailability (~20%). Although acyclovir is prescribed in the management of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), the disease has a poor prognosis, particularly if the treatment is delayed, reaching mortality rates of 70% if left untreated. Thus, high acyclovir doses are administered by intravenous (IV) infusion, usually at a dosage of 10 mg kg 8-hourly in adults with normal renal function.

Trends in access to female cancer screening in Brazil, 2007-16.

Background: This study aims to analyse changes in the prevalence of cervical cancer (CCa) and breast cancer (BCa) screening among women in the Brazilian capitals and Federal District in the last decade (2007-16).

Methods: Data from the surveillance system of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases through telephone interviews (n = 267 949) were used. Adequate screening consisted of, at least, one Pap test triennially, for women aged between 25 and 64 years, and mammography exam biannually, for women aged between 50 and 69 years.

The Evaluation of Valsartan Biopharmaceutics Properties.

Background: Solubility, intestinal permeability and dissolution are the main factors that govern the rate and extent of drugs absorption and are directly related to bioavailability. Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is an important tool which uses in vitro results for comparison with bioavailability in vivo (biowaiver). Valsartan is widely used in the treatment of hypertension and shows different BCS classification in the literature (BCS class II or III).

Polymorphic characterization and implications on biopharmaceutics properties of potential anti-inflammatory drug candidate eremantholide C from Lychnophora trichocarpha (Brazilian Arnica).

Objectives: To perform the polymorphic and physicochemical characterization of the potential anti-inflammatory drug, eremantholide C (EREC), as well as to evaluate the influence of these characteristics on its biopharmaceutics classification.

Methods: Eremantholide C was obtained from chloroformic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha and crystallized in two distinct solvents: chloroform (EREC 1) and ethyl acetate (EREC 2). To evaluate the polymorphism, EREC samples were submitted to melting point, purity, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis.

Determination of intestinal permeability using in situ perfusion model in rats: Challenges and advantages to BCS classification applied to digoxin.

The purpose of this work was to describe the closed loop in situ perfusion method in rats and to compare the difficulties and advantages with other methods proposed by regulatory agencies for BCS classification and finally to illustrate its application to evaluate the permeability of digoxin at relevant clinical concentrations. Digoxin was evaluated at two concentration levels: 1.0 μg/ml (with and without sodium azide 65.