Coinfection of Leprosy and Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in a Family with STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation.

This report documents the first known cases of lepromatous leprosy in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) linked to a gain-of-function mutation in the STAT1 gene. Two related patients, a mother and daughter, who both suffer from CMC and lepromatous leprosy, carry a heterozygous STAT1 mutation (c.821G>A; p.

Photoelectrochemical determination of phloroglucinol based on a combination of a ceramic perovskite and bismuth vanadate.

Phloroglucinol (PL) or 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene is a phenolic compound used therapeutically for its antispasmodic properties. However, an overdose or prolonged exposure to PL can have harmful effects on human health. This work describes for the first time the development of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor to determine PL.

General anesthesia versus conscious sedation in mechanical thrombectomy for patients with acute ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:  After recently published randomized clinical trials, the choice of the best anesthetic procedure for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is not definite.

Objective:  To compare the efficacy and safety of general anesthesia (GA) conscious sedation (CS) in patients with AIS who underwent MT, explicitly focusing on procedural and clinical outcomes and the incidence of adverse events.

Methods:  PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GA CS in patients who underwent MT due to LVO-AIS.

Monkeypox (Mpox) virus isolation and ultrastructural characterisation from a Brazilian human sample case.

Background: According to the last 2023 Monkeypox (Mpox) Outbreak Global Map from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 100 countries with no Mpox infection report cases. Brazil stands out in this group and is the second country with the highest number of cases in the last outbreak.

Objective: To contribute to knowledge of the virus infection effects in a cellular model, which is important for diagnosis infections not yet included in a provider´s differential diagnosis and for developing viral inhibition strategies.

COVID-19 recurrence is related to disease-early profile T cells while detection of anti-S1 IgG is related to multifunctional T cells.

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads from asymptomatic to severe outcomes. The recurrence of the COVID-19 has been described, however, mechanisms involved remains unclear. Thus, the work aimed to investigate the role of multifunctional T cells in patients with recurrent COVID-19.

Guttiferones: An insight into occurrence, biosynthesis, and their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities.

Guttiferones belong to the polyisoprenylated benzophenone, a class of compounds, a very restricted group of natural plant products, especially in the Clusiaceae family. They are commonly found in bark, stem, leaves, and fruits of plants of the genus Garcinia and Symphonia. Guttiferones have the following classifications according to their chemical structure: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, and T.

Heat stroke in dogs: Literature review.

Heat stroke is a clinical emergency secondary to a severe temperature increase due to the inefficiencies of heat dissipation mechanisms, causing central nervous system dysfunctions, which may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Heat disturbances can be classified as "classic" or "exertional" ones and several predisposing factors are involved in their development. This review provides a broad approach to the pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome, and the diagnostic and treatment methods to facilitate their approach in clinical routine and increase the survival rate of patients.

The complete sequence of a human genome.

Since its initial release in 2000, the human reference genome has covered only the euchromatic fraction of the genome, leaving important heterochromatic regions unfinished. Addressing the remaining 8% of the genome, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium presents a complete 3.055 billion-base pair sequence of a human genome, T2T-CHM13, that includes gapless assemblies for all chromosomes except Y, corrects errors in the prior references, and introduces nearly 200 million base pairs of sequence containing 1956 gene predictions, 99 of which are predicted to be protein coding.

Epigenetic patterns in a complete human genome.

The completion of a telomere-to-telomere human reference genome, T2T-CHM13, has resolved complex regions of the genome, including repetitive and homologous regions. Here, we present a high-resolution epigenetic study of previously unresolved sequences, representing entire acrocentric chromosome short arms, gene family expansions, and a diverse collection of repeat classes. This resource precisely maps CpG methylation (32.

Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres.

Existing human genome assemblies have almost entirely excluded repetitive sequences within and near centromeres, limiting our understanding of their organization, evolution, and functions, which include facilitating proper chromosome segregation. Now, a complete, telomere-to-telomere human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13) has enabled us to comprehensively characterize pericentromeric and centromeric repeats, which constitute 6.2% of the genome (189.

HPLC/DAD, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Species (Lamiaceae) Combined with the Chemometric Calculations.

The increase in antibiotic resistance and the emergence of new bacterial infections have intensified the research for natural products from plants with associated therapy. This study aimed to verify the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of crude extracts of the genus species, being the first report on the modulation of aminoglycosides antibiotic activity by extracts. The chemical composition was obtained by chemical prospecting and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode arrangement detector (HPLC/DAD).

Immunocompetent Mice Infected by Two Lineages of Dengue Virus Type 2: Observations on the Pathology of the Lung, Heart and Skeletal Muscle.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection by one of the four serotypes (DENV-1 to 4) may result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, with unpredictable evolution and organ involvement. Due to its association with severe epidemics and clinical manifestations, DENV-2 has been substantially investigated. In fact, the first emergence of a new lineage of the DENV-2 Asian/American genotype in Brazil (Lineage II) in 2008 was associated with severe cases and increased mortality related to organ involvement.

Calvarial tuberculosis in a paediatric patient: a diagnosis not to forget.

We report the case of a 10-year-old boy that presented with a palpable, painless, frontal lesion. Laboratory assessments were unremarkable and the patient was asymptomatic. Initial investigation, with a skull radiograph and unenhanced CT scan, showed a lytic midline frontal lesion involving the inner and outer tables of the skull and a large subgaleal hypodense component.

Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Dengue Viruses.

Despite the advancement of molecular biology techniques, morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are still being of great importance to elucidate some aspects of viral structures, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. In relation to dengue viruses (DENV), several studies report the use of TEM to obtain a clearer definition of viral morphology, the events involved in its morphogenesis, aspects of pathogenesis, and cell tropism. In this chapter, the main technical protocols and their respective reagents for studies of DENV infection by TEM are described, both in cell culture and in biological tissue samples.

Brazilian Dengue Virus Type 2-Associated Renal Involvement in a Murine Model: Outcomes after Infection by Two Lineages of the Asian/American Genotype.

Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) is, traditionally, the most studied serotype due to its association with explosive outbreaks and severe cases. In Brazil, almost 20 years after the first introduction in the 1990s, a new lineage (Lineage II) of the DENV-2 Asian/American genotype emerged and caused an epidemic with severe cases and hospitalizations. Severe dengue includes multiple organ failure, and renal involvement can be potentially related to increased mortality.

Comparative analysis of liver involvement caused by two DENV-2 lineages using an immunocompetent murine model.

Dengue (DEN) is the most prevalent arbovirus among humans, and four billion people live at risk of infection. The clinical manifestations of DEN are variable, and the disease may present subclinically or asymptomatically. A quarter of patients develop classical dengue (CD) or severe dengue (SD), which is potentially lethal and involves vascular permeability changes, severe hemorrhage and organ damage.

Neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in stray animals from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel Betacoronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a public health emergency worldwide. Few reports indicate that owned pets from households with at least one human resident that was diagnosed with COVID-19 can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 of pets from households with no COVID-19 cases or stray animals remains less assessed.

Choosing Wisely for Thyroid Conditions: Recommendations of the Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Objective: Choosing Wisely (CW) is an initiative that aims to advance the dialogue between physicians and patients about low-value health interventions. Given that thyroid conditions are frequent in clinical practice, we aimed to develop an evidence-based list of thyroid CW recommendations.

Methods: The Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) named a Task Force to conduct the initiative.

Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika and Chikungunya epidemic arboviruses in Brazil: ultrastructural aspects.

Background: The impact of arbovirus cocirculation in Brazil is unknown. Dengue virus (DENV) reinfection may result in more intense viraemia or immunopathology, leading to more severe disease. The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas provided pathogenicity evidence that had not been previously observed in flavivirus infections.

Secondary dengue infection in immunocompetent murine model leads to heart tissue damage.

Dengue, considered the most important arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans, is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and caused by one of the four distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4). Infection with one of the four serotypes provides lifelong homotypic immunity. However, immunity against the heterologous serotypes is transient.

Eruptive Junctional Nevi Appearing During Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment.

Unlabelled: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a multisystemic disorder that results from the clonal proliferation of immunophenotypically and functionally immature Langerhans cells (LC). The detection of the V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene in LCH biopsy specimens supports previous evidence that LCH is a neoplastic disorder. This mutation is present in other cutaneous lesions including malignant melanoma and benign nevi.

Nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Xylopia ochrantha Mart. produces molluscicidal effects against different species of Biomphalaria (Schistosoma hosts).

Background: This work describes a chemical study of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha, an endemic Annonaceae species from Brazil, and its activity against Biomphalaria species. Considering its poor solubility in aqueous medium, the essential oil was nanoemulsified to evaluate its action on controlling some mollusc species of genus Biomphalaria, snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni that causes schistosomiasis, which mainly affects tropical and subtropical countries.

Objectives: The main aims of this work were to analyse the chemical composition of essential oil from X.

Protective effect of Myrsine parvifolia plant extract against the inflammatory process induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom.

Accidents involving snakes from the genus Bothrops sp. constitute the most important cause of snake envenomation in Brazil. The Myrsine genus has been reported to be used in folk medicine against snakebites.