The effect of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on the management of differentiated thyroid cancer in Turkey: a single tertiary centre experience.

Purpose: Many countries have implemented unprecedented health measures since the World Health Organisation declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. These measures have resulted in delays in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, there is limited data on the impact of restrictions imposed during the pandemic on DTC management.

The prevalence and associated risk factors of detectable renal morphological abnormalities in acromegaly.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of simple renal cysts (SRCs) and kidney stone disease (KSD) together with laboratory data in patients with acromegaly through comparisons with healthy subjects, and to examine the possible risk factors associated with these abnormalities in acromegaly.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 125 acromegaly patients (46.4 ± 11.

THE OCCURRENCE OF SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS AFTER THE AMELIORATION OF HYPERCORTISOLISM FOLLOWING TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY IN CUSHING'S DISEASE.

Only a few subacute thyroiditis (SAT) cases secondary to hypocortisolemia developed after successfully treating Cushing's disease (CD) have been reported. In this report, we present an SAT case, which developed immediately after discontinuation of steroid treatment for hypocortisolemia after the successful treatment of CD. A 54-year-old female patient who had recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to our center with complaints of proximal myopathy and obesity.

Impact of Bolus/Basal Insulin Ratio on HbA1c and Lipid Profile in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the existence of any relationship between the bolus/basal (B/b) insulin ratio and HbA1c and lipid profile in patients with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on a basal-bolus treatment regimen.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, from January 2015 to March 2020.

Paradoxical Para-Hisian Pacing Response.

Para-Hisian pacing (PHP) is among the most useful maneuvers in cardiac electrophysiology during sinus rhythm and identifies whether retrograde conduction is dependent on the atrioventricular (AV) node. In this maneuver, the retrograde activation time and pattern are compared during capture and loss of capture of the His bundle while pacing from a para-Hisian position. A common misconception about PHP is that it is useful only for septal accessory pathways (APs).

Subacute THYROiditis Related to SARS-CoV-2 VAccine and Covid-19 (THYROVAC Study): A Multicenter Nationwide Study.

Context: The aims of the study are to compare characteristics of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to different etiologies, and to identify predictors of recurrence of SAT and incident hypothyroidism.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 53 endocrinology centers in Turkey. The study participants were divided into either COVID-19-related SAT (Cov-SAT), SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related SAT (Vac-SAT), or control SAT (Cont-SAT) groups.

The role of elastography in the assessment of thyroid nodules in acromegaly.

Background: Nodular thyroid disease is a frequent finding seen in patients with acromegaly. Ultrasound-elastography (US-E) appears to be a helpful tool for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The aims of this study were to evaluate thyroid nodules in acromegaly and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of US-E in detecting thyroid cancer in this population.

The visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, and plasma atherogenic index are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly.

Background: Acromegaly is a rare chronic endocrine disorder, the active form of which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in acromegaly patients are important in terms of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) are early cardiovascular risk markers in patients with active acromegaly.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of simple renal cysts in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Purpose: Previous studies have pointed to the role of parathormone (PTH) in the development of simple renal cysts. However, there is insufficient evidence related to simple renal cysts in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with renal cysts in PHPT patients.

Co-existence of Papillary and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Reports of Three Cases.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are two different types of thyroid carcinoma. They have different features in terms of cellular origin, histopathology, clinical features, prevalence, and prognosis. PTC originates from follicular cells, while MTC from parafollicular cells.

Paradoxical GH increase during oral glucose load may predict overall remission in acromegalic patients.

Background: The nadir growth hormone (nGH) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard method for diagnosing acromegaly. A paradoxical growth hormone (GH) response to oral glucose (OG) in acromegaly can be observed. The role of the paradoxical GH response on how the patients with acromegaly respond to the treatment has been addressed in few studies.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, seasonal distribution, and characteristics of subacute thyroiditis.

Purpose: An increasing number of cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its vaccines continue to be published. The aim of this study was to investigate any change in the incidence and characteristics of SAT by comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 432 newly-diagnosed SAT patients between January 2018 and December 2021.

Effect of thyroid nodule size on cytology reliability and incidence of malignancy: A large cohort of 1205 patients from a single center.

Objective: There is controversy about whether the rates of malignancy and of false-negative malignancy are greater in large nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of cytology in ≥4cm nodules and to compare malignancy rates between ≥4cm and<4cm nodules.

Methods: The study included 1205 patients who underwent biopsy and subsequent thyroidectomy with the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease between 2014 and 2019.

Evaluation of the diagnostic features and clinical course of COVID-19 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis (SAT) during the active vaccination period of the pandemic, analyze the characteristics of these cases, and compare them with cases of non-vaccine associated SAT diagnosed in the same period.

Methods: A total of 55 patients diagnosed with SAT in our outpatient clinic between February and October, 2021, were included in this retrospective single-center study.

Results: Of the study population, 16 (29.

Relapsed and newly diagnosed Graves' disease due to immunization against COVID-19: A case series and review of the literature.

In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as viruses are thought to be triggers in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves' disease (GD). In this context, AITD cases that may be associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or immunization have begun to be reported in increasing numbers. Although it is not clear by which pathogenetic mechanisms immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggers the development of AITD, both the potential effect of the adjuvants in the vaccines and the cross-reactivity that can be generated by the molecular similarity of viral particles with mammalian proteins seem to be possible mechanisms.

The predictive value of hematologic parameters in the risk of thyroid malignancy in cases with atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance.

Background: Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is still the most challenging category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) in predicting malignancy in cases with AUS/FLUS nodules.

Methods: A total of 200 patients with AUS/FLUS nodules who underwent thyroidectomy were included in this study.

Evaluation of NAFLD fibrosis, FIB-4 and APRI score in diabetic patients receiving exenatide treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

There is a closely relationship between the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and obesity and diabetes. NAFLD fibrosis scores should be routinely used to rule out patients with advanced fibrosis. High scores may help identify patients at higher risk of all causes andliverrelated morbidity and mortality.

Effect of Exenatide Therapy on Platelet Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of exenatide treatment on platelet function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.

Study Design: Case-control observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara from October 2016 to October 2018.

Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin: a case report and literature review.

Background: In this article, we present a case of neuroendocrine neoplasm of unknown primary origin (UPO NEN), which is a rare cause of ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS) presenting numerous challenges, together with a literature review.

Case Report: A 43-year-old male patient presented with clinical features consistent with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolemia. Despite a suspicious lesion on pituitary MRI, the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling results were not compatible with Cushing's disease.

Two Important Issues in Subacute Thyroiditis Management: Delayed Diagnosis and Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics.

Background: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a rare inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland. It has been noticed that patients with a diagnosis of SAT visit more other clinics and receive antibiotics unnecessarily. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the degree of delay in the diagnosis of SAT, prediagnosis antibiotic use rates, and the awareness of clinics for the diagnosis of SAT.

The Effects of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis on Clinicopathologic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: This study evaluated the impact of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) on clinicopathologic parameters, prognostic outcome, and initial treatment responses in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 1409 patients with PTC, comprising 443 patients with pathology-proven PTC with CLT and 447 patients with PTC without CLT.

Results: The median follow-up time was 58 months (range, 8-380 months), and the median age at the time of diagnosis was 43 years.

The value of routine measurement of serum calcitonin on insufficient, indeterminate, and suspicious thyroid nodule cytology.

Routine calcitonin measurement in patients with nodular thyroid disease is rather controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of serum calcitonin measurement in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules with insufficient, indeterminate, or suspicious cytology. Out of 1668 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease and were screened, 873 patients with insufficient, indeterminate, or suspicious fine needle aspiration biopsy results were included in the study.

Fatty acid-binding protein-4 as a biomarker predicting acromegaly-associated diabetes mellitus.

Background: The known pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) in acromegaly is mainly based on growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP-4), a novel adipokine, is found to induce insulin resistance and type 2 DM. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of FABP-4 on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly.

Tumor Volume Can Be Used as a Parameter Indicating the Severity of Disease in Parathyroid Cancer.

Objective: To determine whether tumor volume and tumor size are related to disease severity in parathyroid cancer (PC).

Methods: Patients treated for PC at our institution were retrospectively identified. Data were collected about clinical and pathologic characteristics, laboratory parameters, tumor volume, recurrence, metastasis, and mortality.

A Rare Clinical Manifestation of Graves' Disease: Evans Syndrome and a Review of the Literature.

Evans syndrome is a rare combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia. Evans syndrome in cases of Graves' disease is extremely rare. The coexistence of these autoimmune diseases suggests that they may share a common pathogenic pathway.