Reducing infantile anemia: insight on patterns of process and outcome indicators by ethnicity and socioeconomic class during a 10-year intervention program and 5 years after.

Background: In 2005, Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest health maintenance organization in Israel, initiated an intervention program aimed at reducing the prevalence rate of infantile anemia (IA). This study evaluated the progress made during the intervention (2005-2014) and its yield 5 years after it ended (2019).

Methods: The CHS database was retrospectively reviewed twice yearly from 2005 to 2014 for repetitive samples of children aged 9 to 18 months regarding the previous half-year interval, and a single sample in 2019.

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in pregnant women, we conducted an observational cohort study of pregnant women aged 16 years or older, with no history of SARS-CoV-2, who were vaccinated between 20 December 2020 and 3 June 2021. A total of 10,861 vaccinated pregnant women were matched to 10,861 unvaccinated pregnant controls using demographic and clinical characteristics. Study outcomes included documented infection with SARS-CoV-2, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19-related hospitalization, severe illness and death.

Guideline deviation and its association with specific chronic diseases among patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional cohort study in a care management setting.

Objectives: To assess whether the extent of deviation from chronic disease guideline recommendations is more prominent for specific diseases compared with combined-care across multiple conditions among multimorbid patients, and to examine reasons for this deviation.

Design: A cross-sectional cohort.

Setting: Multimorbidity care management programme across 11 primary care clinics.

Mixed Methods Evaluation of Reasons Why Care Deviates From Clinical Guidelines Among Patients With Multimorbidity.

Reasons why care does not conform to single-disease guideline recommendations for multimorbid patients have not been systematically measured in practice. Using a mixed methods approach, we identified and quantified types of reasons why care deviates from nine sets of disease guideline recommendations for multimorbid patients. Utilizing a focus group concept mapping technique, we built on a categorization of reasons explaining guideline deviation, and surveyed treating nurses about these reasons for patients' specific care processes.

Long-term effectiveness of the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program on health outcomes: A case-control retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and health behavioural outcomes of a large sample of participants from the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program.

Design: A matched-case-control study that was performed on a retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Participants were 11,053 Clalit Health Services members with type 2 diabetes who enrolled in the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program between January 2010 - April 2016.

Assessing guideline-concordant care for patients with multimorbidity treated in a care management setting.

Background: Disease-specific guidelines are not aligned with multimorbidity care complexity. Meeting all guideline-recommended care for multimorbid patients has been estimated but not demonstrated across multiple guidelines.

Objective: Measure guideline-concordant care for patients with multimorbidity; assess in what types of care and by whom (clinician or patient) deviation from guidelines occurs and evaluate whether patient characteristics are associated with concordance.

Effectiveness of Managing Diabetes During Ramadan Conversation Map intervention: A difference-in-differences (self-comparison) design.

Background: Some individuals with diabetes fast during Ramadan despite medical concerns for risk of adverse outcomes. The Managing Diabetes During Ramadan Conversation Map is a self-management education group-based intervention for Muslim individuals with type 2 diabetes, specifically addressing diabetes management during Ramadan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Managing Diabetes During Ramadan Conversation Map intervention in improving short-term clinical outcomes and reducing healthcare utilization following Ramadan.

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization in Fully and Partially Vaccinated Children in Israel: 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018.

Background: Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by season, circulating influenza strain, age, and geographic location. There have been few studies of influenza VE among hospitalized children, particularly in Europe and the Middle East.

Methods: We estimated VE against influenza hospitalization among children aged 6 months to 8 years at Clalit Health Services hospitals in Israel in the 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 influenza seasons, using the test-negative design.

Patterns of Patients' Interactions With a Health Care Organization and Their Impacts on Health Quality Measurements: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Data collected by health care organizations consist of medical information and documentation of interactions with patients through different communication channels. This enables the health care organization to measure various features of its performance such as activity, efficiency, adherence to a treatment, and different quality indicators. This information can be linked to sociodemographic, clinical, and communication data with the health care providers and administrative teams.

Which patients with Type 2 diabetes will have greater compliance to participation in the Diabetes Conversation Map™ program? A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the characteristics of participants in the Diabetes Conversation Map™ (Map™) program who had higher vs. lower compliance to the program, to determine if program tailoring and monitoring is needed among these groups.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8990 patients enrolled in the Map™ program (low compliance [attending 0-1 sessions, n = 2759] and high compliance [attending ≥2 sessions, n = 6231]).

Evaluating an organization-wide disparity reduction program: Understanding what works for whom and why.

Background: Disparity-reduction programs have been shown to vary in the degree to which they achieve their goal; yet the causes of these variations is rarely studied. We investigated a broad-scale program in Israel's largest health plan, aimed at reducing disparities in socially disadvantaged groups using a composite measure of seven health and health care indicators.

Methods: A realistic evaluation was conducted to evaluate the program in 26 clinics and their associated managerial levels.

Disease Management plus Recommended Care versus Recommended Care Alone for Ambulatory Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

The efficacy of disease management programs in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains uncertain. To study the effect of disease management (DM) added to recommended care (RC) in ambulatory patients with COPD. In this trial, 1,202 patients with COPD (age, ≥40 yr), with moderate to very severe airflow limitation were randomly assigned either to DM plus RC (study intervention) or to RC alone (control intervention).