The effect of osteoporosis education on osteoporosis knowledge level and daily life in Parkinson's disease patients: A 12-week, randomized-controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of osteoporosis education on osteoporosis knowledge level (OKL) and behavioral changes in daily life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Patients And Methods: Between May 2019 and December 2019, a total of 54 patients (34 males, 20 females; median age: 68.5 years; range, 50 to 87 years) were included in the study.

Can volumetric magnetic resonance imaging evaluations be helpful in the follow-up of cognitive functions in cognitively normal Parkinson's disease patients?

Background/aim: In this study, besides the evaluation of gray and white matter changes in cognitively normal Parkinson's disease (PD-CN) patients with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, it was tried to show that some neuropsychological tests may be impaired in PD-CN patients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six PD-CN patients and 26 healthy elderly (HC) participants were included in the current study. Global cognitive status was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA).

Structural and Functional Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.

The pathophysiology of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI) is still not fully elucidated. It has been shown in a few studies in the literature that volume loss in the occipital, parietal and frontal cortices and atrophy in the hippocampus of PD-MCI patients can occur in the early stages of PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gray and white matter volumes and different neuropsychological tests and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging parameters in patients with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI).

Determinants of 6-minute walk test in people with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Most of the previous studies, investigating determinants of 6-minute walk test (6MWT), were conducted on small sample sizes and/or have not explored different aspects such as freezing of gait, physical activity, gender, dual-task cost, and/or have not been able to explain large portion of variation in 6MWT in people with Parkinson's disease.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the determinants of 6MWT, including aspects that previous studies have not explored.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 6MWT determinants were investigated upon 42 people with Parkinson's disease.

The effect of directional social cues on saccadic eye movements in Parkinson's disease.

There is growing interest in how social processes and behaviour might be affected in Parkinson's disease. A task which has been widely used to assess how people orient attention in response to social cues is the spatial cueing task. Socially relevant directional cues, such as a picture of someone gazing or pointing to the left or the right have been shown to cause orienting of visual attention in the cued direction.

Contribution of functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptor variants to motor and non-motor symptoms of early onset Parkinson's disease.

In the present study, we focused on investigating the contribution of functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptor variants to motor and/or non-motor symptoms of early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DRD3 rs6280, DRD2 rs2283265 and DRD2 rs1076560, were genotyped in 128 Turkish EOPD patients and then, statistical analysis was conducted for the potential impacts of SNPs on clinical parameters. All three SNPs were found to be statistically significant in terms of PD-related pain: DRD3 [rs6280; risk allele "T" for pain; p = 0.

Effects of Pilates and Elastic Taping on Balance and Postural Control in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Pilates training and elastic taping on balance and postural control in patients with early stage Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Method: Patients were randomly divided into Pilates, elastic taping, and control (wait list) groups. Pilates training was performed for 6 weeks, twice a week and 60 minutes per session.

Multicenter study of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s disease: the Turkish experience.

Background/aim: Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in a series of Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: We had telephone calls with 54 patients from 11 neurology centers who were on LCIG treatment, and 44 patients or their caregivers were included in an eight-item survey between September 2015 and June 2016. The reliability and validity of the survey were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients for every question separately.

The difference of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease from amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Deeper power decrement and no phase-locking in visual event-related responses.

Event-related oscillatory responses reflect the cognitive status in many neuropsychiatric conditions including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this study, a total of 30 patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 25 patients with MCI of Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI) were compared with 28 aged-, gender-, education-matched healthy control (HC) participants using visual event-related delta, theta, alpha oscillatory responses by methods of event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence. PD-MCI and aMCI groups commonly share a decreased theta power, but all electrophysiological deviations from the controls were more prominent in PD-MCI than aMCI in all frequency bands.

Auditory brain oscillatory responses in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the function of dopaminergic cells in basal ganglia. Besides the motor symptoms, tremor, and dysfunction of sensory systems. In the literature, there was limited studies which investigates the basic sensorial processing in PD.

A Novel and Mosaic WDR45 Nonsense Variant Causes Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration Identified Through Whole Exome Sequencing and X chromosome Heterozygosity Analysis.

Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is an X-linked rare dominant disorder of autophagy. The role of WDR45 has been implicated in BPAN almost exclusively in females possibly due to male lethality. Characterization of distinctive clinical manifestations and potentially the complex genetic determinants in rare male patients remain crucial for deciphering BPAN and other X-linked dominant diseases.

Technical Case Report of Deep Brain Stimulation: Is it Possible Single Electrode Reach to Both of Subthalamic Nucleus and Ventral Intermediate Nucleus in One Stage?

Background: The primary target of this operation is Ventral Intermediate Nucleus (VIM); however VIM - Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) were tried to be reached with one electrode, adjusting the angle well, the coronal section; medial of VIM can partially reach the STN. Using the properties of the electrode; we believe we could act on a wide area.

Methods: An analysis was performed on one patient who underwent VIM Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in 3 periods (pre - peri - post-operation).

Demonstration of Early Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease with Visual P300 Responses.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive changes in PD are less observable than motor symptoms; thus, research on cognitive processes, which are known to be impaired from the early stages of PD, is minimal. The purpose of this study is to research the brain dynamics of cognitively normal PD patients and healthy elderly controls using event-related potentials (ERPs) and to evaluate their relationships with neuropsychological tests.

Decrease of Delta Oscillatory Responses in Cognitively Normal Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. This study aims to compare sensory-evoked oscillations (SEOs) and event-related oscillations (EROs) of visual modality in cognitively normal PD patients and healthy controls. Sixteen PD and 16 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls participated in the study.

Assessing Olfactory Function in Parkinson's Disease via Entropy Analysis of Chemosensory Event Related Potentials.

The relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and olfactory dysfunction has been investigated via psychophysical and electrophysiological assessments. Despite the increasing number of electrophysiological studies focusing on olfactory function, there are still some limitations to observe the chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP), which are electrophysiological responses of the brain to olfactory and trigeminal stimulations, because of the low sensitivity (low signal-to-noise ratio). Recent studies attempted to establish new techniques to increase the sensitivity for evaluating the CSERP and brain responsiveness.

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dyskinesia and motor performance in Parkinson's disease.

Dyskinesias are one of the most frequent and disabling complications of the long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the cause is not completely understood, it appears that an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the basal ganglia to the motor cortex leads to overactivation of motor and premotor areas. Overactivation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been observed in neuroimaging studies in dyskinetic PD patients.

Mutation analysis of ATP7B gene in Turkish Wilson disease patients: identification of five novel mutations.

Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene that encodes a P-type copper transporting ATPase. The aim of this study was to screen and detect mutations of the ATP7B gene in unrelated Turkish Wilson disease patients (n = 46) and control group (n = 52). Mutations were screened and detected by DNA sequencing.

The effect of supervised exercises on static and dynamic balance in Parkinson's disease patients.

Background/aim: The aim of the this study was to examine the effects of supervised exercises on measures of static and dynamic balance Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Material And Methods: The study used a before-after study design. Seventeen PD patients with mild and moderate levels of disability were enrolled in the study.

Is it always necessary to apply botulinum toxin into the lower facial muscles in hemifacial spasm?: a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections are accepted as safe and efficacious in the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS), but it is still debated whether BTX treatment of lower facial muscles should be performed or not.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the necessity of BTX administration into lower facial muscles in patients with HFS.

Methods: A randomized, single-blind, crossover, clinical trial was conducted.

The effects of rasagiline on cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease patients without dementia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.

Cognitive impairment can occur at all stages of Parkinson's disease. Rasagiline is a selective monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitor that enhances central dopaminergic transmission. Dopamine is thought to be involved in certain cognitive processes such as working memory.

Increased intracranial pressure due to hyperthyroidism.

We present a 58-year-old man with neurological manifestations indicating increased intracranial pressure in association with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism due to a hyperfunctioning solitary thyroid nodule was the underlying cause, since all the symptoms disappeared after the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Our aim is to emphasize that hyperthyroidism should be suspected in a patient with progressive symptoms of increased intracranial pressure.

Cerebral venous thrombosis initially considered as a complication of spinal-epidural anaesthesia.

Cerebral venous thrombosis is an unusual condition characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, focal deficits and epileptic seizures. In this case report we describe a patient who presented with headache and focal motor deficits after an uneventful Caesarean section, performed using combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed because of the pronounced neurological symptoms, and a diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis was made.

Coexistence of movement disorders and epilepsia partialis continua as the initial signs in probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Movement disorders and epilepsy rarely occur in the early stage of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) but have not been reported concurrently. We report on a 47-year-old patient with probable CJD who presented with generalized chorea and focal dystonia with myoclonic jerks on the right hand. Myoclonic jerks progressed to epilepsia partialis continua within 5 days of admission to the hospital.

Putaminal cavernous angioma presenting with hemichorea.

We report on a 63-year-old man presenting with hemichorea on his right side. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left putaminal cavernoma. To our knowledge this is the first report of such a case caused by contralateral putaminal cavernous angioma.

Cortical relay time for long latency reflexes in patients with definite multiple sclerosis.

Background: Long latency reflexes (LLR) include afferent sensory, efferent motor and central transcortical pathways. It is supposed that the cortical relay time (CRT) reflects the conduction of central transcortical loop of LLR. Recently, evidence related to the cortical involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported in some studies.