Risk transmission and driving factors of virtual water flows from the perspective of China's interregional water-energy-food trade.

Changes in water, energy, and food (WEF) trade patterns may reshape water circulation patterns, leading to potential water supply and demand risks. Analysis of virtual water risk transmission characteristics and driving factors from the perspective of WEF trade is highly important for alleviating the risk of water shortages and promoting the efficient use of resources. In this paper, a set of methods for quantifying risk transmission values is constructed on the basis of China's interregional input-output model, and the key paths of interregional virtual water risk transmission caused by WEF trade are identified using innovative methods.

Assessing the responses of ecosystem patterns, structures and functions to drought under climate change in the Yellow River Basin, China.

Understanding how ecosystems respond and adapt to drought has become an urgent issue as drought stress intensifies under climate change, yet this topic is not fully understood. Currently, conclusions on the response of ecosystems in different regions to drought disturbance are inconsistent. Based on long MODIS data and observed data, this study systematically explored the relationships between ecosystem patterns, structures and functions and drought, taking a typical climate change-sensitive area and an ecologically fragile area-the Yellow River Basin-as a case study.

Combinatorial expression of γ-protocadherins regulates synaptic connectivity in the mouse neocortex.

In the process of synaptic formation, neurons must not only adhere to specific principles when selecting synaptic partners but also possess mechanisms to avoid undesirable connections. Yet, the strategies employed to prevent unwarranted associations have remained largely unknown. In our study, we have identified the pivotal role of combinatorial clustered protocadherin gamma (γ-PCDH) expression in orchestrating synaptic connectivity in the mouse neocortex.

[Preparation and application of rabbit polyclonal antibody against human lactate dehydrogenase C4(LDHC4)].

Objective To prepare rabbit polyclonal antibody specifically against human lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDHC4). Methods Site-directed mutation was performed by PCR to generate the mutated LDHC gene, and the mutated gene was ligated into the pET-28a vector to form the pET-28a-LDHC recombinant expression vector. The recombinant vector was introduced into E.

The RNA landscape of in response to short-term salt stress.

Using the halotolerant green microalgae as a model organism has special merits, such as a wide range of salt tolerance, unicellular organism, and simple life cycle and growth conditions. These unique characteristics make it suitable for salt stress study. In order to provide an overview of the response of to salt stress and hopefully to reveal evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of photosynthetic organisms in response to salt stress, the transcriptomes and the genome of the algae were sequenced by the second and the third-generation sequencing technologies, then the transcriptomes under salt stress were compared to the transcriptomes under non-salt stress with the newly sequenced genome as the reference genome.

Resveratrol attenuates methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity by modulating synaptic homeostasis.

Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has received global attention. To date, studies of the developmental toxicity of MeHg have focused on its effects on the nervous system. Resveratrol (RSV) is a neuroprotective molecule that has been shown to be a potential enhancer of hippocampal plasticity.

Identifying the drivers of changes in embodied food-energy-water in the Bohai mega-urban region, China: A perspective of final demands.

Food-energy-water (FEW) systems in the Bohai mega-urban region (MUR) have experienced astonishing changes in recent decades; however, the dynamics of these changes are not fully understood. This study combined an ecological multiscale input-output model and a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to explore the variation in embodied FEW consumption and its drivers. The results showed that, although almost all sectoral embodied FEW intensities decreased, embodied FEW demands increased by approximately 9.

In utero exposure to methylmercury impairs cognitive function in adult offspring: Insights from proteomic modulation.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a hazardous substance that has unique neurodevelopmental toxic effects. However, its molecular alteration profile, sensitive response biomarkers, and mechanism of neuronal injury remain largely unknown. Here, the effects of intrauterine methylmercury chloride (low-, medium- and high-dose groups: 0.

A Novel Paclitaxel-Loaded Polymeric Micelle System with Favorable Biocompatibility and Superior Antitumor Activity.

Background/aim: Polymeric micelles are promising vehicles for paclitaxel delivery. Further improvement in the stability of the micelle formulation is desirable.

Materials And Methods: Monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide)-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine (mPEG-PDLLA-Phe(Fmoc)) was synthesized through a classical esterification reaction.

Identifying change in spatial accumulation of soil salinity in an inland river watershed, China.

Soil salinity accumulation is strong in arid areas and it has become a serious environmental problem. Knowledge of the process and spatial changes of accumulated salinity in soil can provide an insight into the spatial patterns of soil salinity accumulation. This is especially useful for estimating the spatial transport of soil salinity at the watershed scale.

MARCKS regulates membrane targeting of Rab10 vesicles to promote axon development.

Axon development requires membrane addition from the intracellular supply, which has been shown to be mediated by Rab10-positive plasmalemmal precursor vesicles (PPVs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the membrane trafficking processes of PPVs remain unclear. Here, we show that myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) mediates membrane targeting of Rab10-positive PPVs, and this regulation is critical for axon development.

JIP1 mediates anterograde transport of Rab10 cargos during neuronal polarization.

Axon development and elongation require strictly controlled new membrane addition. Previously, we have shown the involvement of Rab10 in directional membrane insertion of plasmalemmal precursor vesicles (PPVs) during neuronal polarization and axonal growth. However, the mechanism responsible for PPV transportation remains unclear.

Myosin Vb controls biogenesis of post-Golgi Rab10 carriers during axon development.

Polarized membrane addition is crucial for axon development and elongation during neuronal morphogenesis. This process is believed to be regulated by directed membrane trafficking of Rab10-containing post-Golgi carriers. However, the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of these carriers remain unclear.

Laminin/β1 integrin signal triggers axon formation by promoting microtubule assembly and stabilization.

Axon specification during neuronal polarization is closely associated with increased microtubule stabilization in one of the neurites of unpolarized neuron, but how this increased microtubule stability is achieved is unclear. Here, we show that extracellular matrix (ECM) component laminin promotes neuronal polarization via regulating directional microtubule assembly through β1 integrin (Itgb1). Contact with laminin coated on culture substrate or polystyrene beads was sufficient for axon specification of undifferentiated neurites in cultured hippocampal neurons and cortical slices.

Lgl1 activation of rab10 promotes axonal membrane trafficking underlying neuronal polarization.

Directed membrane trafficking is believed to be crucial for axon development during neuronal morphogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report a role of Lgl1, the mammalian homolog of Drosophila tumor suppressor Lethal giant larvae, in controlling membrane trafficking underlying axonal growth.