Gefitinib induces apoptosis in Caco-2 cells via ER stress-mediated mitochondrial pathways and the IRE1α/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling axis.

Gefitinib, a selective EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits potent cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells, though its precise mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that gefitinib induces a dose-dependent cytotoxic response in Caco-2 cells, characterized by disrupted microtubule networks, impaired migration, and reduced viability. Gefitinib triggered apoptosis, as indicated by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, PARP, and elevated late apoptosis rates.

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice.

Spinal cord gliomas are commonly malignant tumors of the spinal cord, leading to a high rate of disability. However, uniform treatment guidelines and comprehensive data on spinal cord gliomas remain limited due to the lack of suitable preclinical animal models. Developing a simple and reproducible animal model has become essential for advancing basic and translational research.

Turn TRAIL Into Better Anticancer Therapeutic Through TRAIL Fusion Proteins.

Background: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. TRAIL selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells while sparing normal cells, which makes it an attractive candidate for cancer therapy. Recombinant soluble TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against TRAIL receptors have demonstrated safety and tolerability in clinical trials.

In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation of Tremella fuciformis exopolysaccharides from basidiospore-derived submerged fermentation.

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) belong to natural bioactive macromolecule with both edible and medicinal value, possessing much bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antidiabetics, and immunomodulatory. Currently, the production of TFPS through submerged fermentation (TFPS-1) is gradually replacing the polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body due to improved fermentation efficiency and reduced separation costs. However, it is still unclear about the effect of TFPS-1 on gastrointestinal digestion and gut microbial fermentation, which is directly related to the function of its biological activity.

Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on the risk of acute respiratory failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are new antidiabetic drugs. Their effects on the respiratory system remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between DDP-4 inhibitors and acute respiratory failure (ARF) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Explore key genes of Crohn's disease based on glycerophospholipid metabolism: A comprehensive analysis Utilizing Mendelian Randomization, Multi-Omics integration, Machine Learning, and SHAP methodology.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, complex inflammatory condition with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. However, the causes of CD remain incompletely understood. We identified CD-related metabolites, inflammatory factors, and key genes by Mendelian randomization (MR), multi-omics integration, machine learning (ML), and SHAP.

Efficient conversion of cane molasses into Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides with enhanced bioactivity through repeated batch culture.

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFPS) is a natural mushroom mucopolysaccharide widely used in health foods, medical care, cosmetic and surgical materials. In this study, we developed an efficient strategy for the repeated batch production of highly bioactive TFPS from the agro-industrial residue cane molasses. Cane molasses contained 39.

Design and construction of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cell factory for hyaluronic acid synthesis from Jerusalem artichoke inulin.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a high-value biomacromolecule, has wide applications in medical, cosmetic and food fields. Currently, employing the safe-grade microorganisms for de novo biosynthesis of HA from renewable substrates has become a promising alternative. In this study, we established a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain as platform for HA production from Jerusalem artichoke inulin.

Antitumor Mechanism of Hydroxycamptothecin via the Metabolic Perturbation of Ribonucleotide and Deoxyribonucleotide in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.

Hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) is a natural plant extract isolated from . It has a broad spectrum of anticancer activity through inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I, which could affect DNA synthesis and lead to DNA damage. Thus, the action of SN38 against cancers could inevitably affect endogenous levels of ribonucleotide (RNs) and deoxyribonucleotide (dRNs) that play critical roles in many biological processes, especially in DNA synthesis and repair.

Characterization of chitin-glucan complex from Tremella fuciformis fermentation residue and evaluation of its antibacterial performance.

Submerged fermentation of fungi is an efficient way to obtain extracellular polysaccharides, however, in this process, excess discarded biomass is produced. In this study, Tremella fuciformis mycelia were reused as the raw material to isolate a novel fungal chitin-glucan complex (CGC-TFM) using alkaline extraction. Characteristic analysis revealed that the CGC-TFM consisted of glucosamine/acetylglucosamine and glucose (GlcN:Glc = 26:74 mol%), indicating a reference to the β polymorphism of chitin-glucan complex, with the molecular weight and crystallinity index of 256 ± 3.

Effects of Pretreatment with Bifidobacterium bifidum Using 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing in a Mouse Model of Acute Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium.

BACKGROUND Bifidobacterium is a potentially effective and safe treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. However, information on the influence of B. bifidum on gut microbial diversity of treated and pretreated IBD patients is limited.

Downregulation of microRNA-126 is inversely correlated with insulin receptor substrate-1 protein expression in colorectal cancer and is associated with advanced stages of disease.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human malignant tumor, and the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated mortality in China. However, the pathogenesis of CRC is not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA (miR)-126 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), as well as the role of miR-126 in the prognosis of patients with CRC.

LINC01123 facilitates proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance of colon cancer cells.

Colon cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01123 has been suggested to act as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer and a prognostic signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, its role in colon cancer remains obscure.

Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model.

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicate a need for the development of an effective vaccine.

Toxoplasma gondii induces autophagy and apoptosis in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via downregulation of Mcl-1.

Autophagy and apoptosis are critical for controlling Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection. T.

MicroRNA-206 is involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis via regulation of adenosine A3 receptor.

Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs are widely dysregulated in ulcerative colitis (UC), potentially affecting UC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. microRNA (miR) -206 has been reported to be upregulated in UC; however, its function and role in UC remain unknown. Here, we elucidate the function of miR-206 in the pathogenesis of UC.

MicroRNA-16 is putatively involved in the NF-κB pathway regulation in ulcerative colitis through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) mRNA targeting.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of their target genes. Altered expression of miR-16 is reported in human ulcerative colitis (UC), but its role in the development of the disease remains unclear. Adenosine through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) could inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in inflammation.

Effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on the clinical outcomes of voriconazole: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP2C19, could influence voriconazole pharmacokinetics. The association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and voriconazole clinical outcomes is not well established. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on clinical outcomes in patients treated with voriconazole.

Upregulation of microRNA-126 in hepatic stellate cells may affect pathogenesis of liver fibrosis through the NF-κB pathway.

Hepatic fibrosis, which results from chronic liver disease, currently lacks effective treatment. MicroRNAs, a group of small noncoding RNA molecules, have been observed to play an essential role in liver diseases, including hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we described the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor alpha (IκBα) and its possible signaling pathway by miR-126 in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2.

An adenosine A3 receptor agonist inhibits DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

The role of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) in experimental colitis is controversial. The A3AR agonist N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) has been shown to have a clinical benefit, although studies in A3AR-deficient mice suggest a pro-inflammatory role. However, there are no studies on the effect of 2-Cl-IB-MECA and the molecular mechanism of action of A3AR in murine colitis models in vivo.

Activation of adenosine A3 receptor alleviates TNF-α-induced inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in human colonic epithelial cells.

To investigate the expression of adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) in human colonic epithelial cells and the effects of A3AR activation on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α-) induced inflammation in order to determine its mechanism of action in human colonic epithelial cells, human colonic epithelial cells (HT-29 cells) were treated with different concentrations of 2-Cl-IB-MECA prior to TNF-α stimulation, followed by analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway activation and downstream IL-8 and IL-1β production. A3AR mRNA and protein were expressed in HT-29 cells and not altered by changes in TNF-α or 2-Cl-IB-MECA. Pretreatment with 2-Cl-IB-MECA prior to stimulation with TNF-α attenuated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation as p65 protein decreased in the nucleus of cells and increased in the cytoplasm, inhibited the degradation of IκB-α, and reduced phosphorylated-IκB-α level significantly, compared to TNF-α-only-treated groups.

Low expression of microRNA-126 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.

MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor that targets CXCR4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This study investigated whether miR-126 has any prognostic impact in patients with CRC. MiR-126 and CXCR4 mRNA expression in 92 pairs of CRC and adjacent nontumorous tissues was examined using quantitative real-time PCR, and CXCR4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting.

MicroRNA-126 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer cells by targeting CXCR4 via the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.

Recent evidence shows that altered microRNA-126 (miR-126) expression is implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise roles and mechanisms of miR-126 in CRC remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of miR-126 in CRC cells and to elucidate miR-126-mediated mechanisms in CRC cells.

The relationship between and clinical significance of MicroRNA-32 and phosphatase and tensin homologue expression in colorectal cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are suspected to play important roles in carcinogenesis. MiR-32 has altered expression in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the clinical significance of miR-32 expression in the process of carcinogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we determined the levels of, the correlation between, and the clinical significance of the expression of miR-32 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a tumor suppressor targeted by miR-32, in CRC.