Pretreatment MRI-Based Radiomics for Prediction of Rectal Cancer Outcome: A Discovery and Validation Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate prediction of local recurrence or distant metastasis is critical for developing individualized therapies for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients after standard therapy. This study aims to develop and validate a multiparameter MRI-based radiomics signature (RS) for prognostic prediction in LARC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME) and to explore the ability of RS for personalized survival risk stratification.

Materials And Methods: In this multi-center study, 454 patients who received nCRT and TME and completed 3 years of follow-up participated.

Multiphase and multiparameter MRI-based radiomics for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: To develop and validate radiomics models for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) using both pre-NAT and post-NAT multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Methods: In this multicenter study, a total of 563 patients were included from two independent centers. 453 patients from center 1 were split into training and testing cohorts, the remaining 110 from center 2 served as an external validation cohort.