Interface Modification Using Li-Doped Hollow Titania Nanospheres for High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells.

Titania nanospheres have been utilized as building blocks of electron transporting layers (ETLs) for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reported so far for the mesoscopic PSCs containing titania nanospheres are generally lower than those of the state-of-the-art planar PSCs. Here, we have prepared Li-doped hollow titania nanospheres (Li-HTS) through a "cation-exchange" approach and used them for the first time to modify the SnO ETL/perovskite interfaces of planar PSCs.

Interface Modification with CuCrO Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells.

The interfaces between the absorber and charge transport layers are shown to be critical for the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PSCs based on the Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layers generally suffer from the problems of stability and reproducibility. Inorganic hole transport materials CuCrO have good chemical stability and high hole mobility.

Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 enhances H2O2-induced apoptosis independently of reactive oxygen species in cardiomyocytes.

Aims: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects against cardiac diseases such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) on HSP70-regulated cardiomyocyte protection.