and Improve Tolerance to High and Low Temperatures and Accelerate the Flowering Response to Temperature in Upland Cotton ().

The trithorax group (TrxG) complex is an important protein in the regulation of plant histone methylation. The ABSENT, SMALL, OR HOMEOTIC DISCS 1 (ASH1) gene family, as important family members of the TrxG complex, has been shown to regulate tolerance to abiotic stress and growth and development in many plants. In this study, we identified nine in upland cotton.

Integrating RTM-GWAS and meta‑QTL data revealed genomic regions and candidate genes associated with the first fruit branch node and its height in upland cotton.

Two genomic regions associated with FFBN and HFFBN and a potential regulatory gene (GhE6) of HFFBN were identified through the integration of RTM-GWAS and meta‑QTL analyses. Abstract The first fruit branch node (FFBN) and the height of the first fruit branch node (HFFBN) are two important traits that are related to plant architecture and early maturation in upland cotton. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the genetic basis of these traits in cotton using biparental and natural populations.

H3K36 methyltransferase GhKMT3;1a and GhKMT3;2a promote flowering in upland cotton.

Background: The SET domain group (SDG) genes encode histone lysine methyltransferases, which regulate gene transcription by altering chromatin structure and play pivotal roles in plant flowering determination. However, few studies have investigated their role in the regulation of flowering in upland cotton.

Results: A total of 86 SDG genes were identified through genome-wide analysis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

GhGASA14 regulates the flowering time of upland cotton in response to GA.

The silencing of GhGASA14 and the identification of superior allelic variation in its coding region indicate that GhGASA14 may positively regulate flowering and the response to GA. Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA), a member of the gibberellin-regulated short amino acid family, has been extensively investigated in several plant species and found to be critical for plant growth and development. However, research on this topic in cotton has been limited.

, , and improve resistance to salt and cold stress in upland cotton.

Introduction: Abiotic stress during growth readily reduces cotton crop yield. The different survival tactics of plants include the activation of numerous stress response genes, such as ().

Methods: In this study, the gene family of upland cotton was identified and analyzed by bioinformatics method, three salt-tolerant and cold-resistant genes were screened.

Genome-Wide Identification of the Gene Family and Functional Validation of and under Abiotic Stress.

Annexins (ANNs) are a structurally conserved protein family present in almost all plants. In the present study, 27 were identified in cotton and were unevenly distributed across 14 chromosomes. Transcriptome data and RT-qPCR results revealed that multiple respond to at least two abiotic stresses.

The Silencing of and Weakens Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Upland Cotton ().

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks), essential enzymes in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, are crucial for the abiotic stress responses and the overall growth and development of plants. However, the had not been systematically studied, and their function in upland cotton was unknown. This study identified a total of 28 , and determined their chromosomal locations, gene structures, protein motifs and cis-acting elements via bioinformatics analysis.

Genome-wide investigation and expression profiles of the gene family provide insight into the abiotic stress resistance of .

Membrane transporters encoded by () genes, which play crucial roles in plant growth, development and resistance to various stresses, are involved in the transport of nitrate (NO ) and peptides. In several plant species, genes are involved in the resistance to abiotic stresses; however, whether the whole gene family in cotton contributes to this resistance has not been systematically investigated. Here, 201 genes encoding proteins with a peptide transporter (PTR) domain were confirmed in three different species, namely, , and .

GhAP1-D3 positively regulates flowering time and early maturity with no yield and fiber quality penalties in upland cotton.

Flowering time (FTi) is a major factor determining how quickly cotton plants reach maturity. Early maturity greatly affects lint yield and fiber quality and is crucial for mechanical harvesting of cotton in northwestern China. Yet, few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genes regulating early maturity have been reported in cotton, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown.

Nucleotide Evolution, Domestication Selection, and Genetic Relationships of Chloroplast Genomes in the Economically Important Crop Genus .

(upland cotton) is one of the most economically important crops worldwide, which has experienced the long terms of evolution and domestication process from wild species to cultivated accessions. However, nucleotide evolution, domestication selection, and the genetic relationship of cotton species remain largely to be studied. In this study, we used chloroplast genome sequences to determine the evolutionary rate, domestication selection, and genetic relationships of 72 cotton genotypes (36 cultivated cotton accessions, seven semi-wild races of .

Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Helps to Elucidate Evolutionary Relationships with Related Species of Asteraceae.

DC. possesses both edible and medicinal properties and is widely distributed throughout China. In this study, the complete cp genome of was sequenced and assembled.

An RTM-GWAS procedure reveals the QTL alleles and candidate genes for three yield-related traits in upland cotton.

Background: Cotton (Gossypium spp.) fiber yield is one of the key target traits, and improved fiber yield has always been thought of as an important objective in the breeding programs and production. Although some studies had been reported for the understanding of genetic bases for cotton yield-related traits, the detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the traits is still very limited.

Validation of QTLs for Fiber Quality Introgressed from by Selective Genotyping.

Gene introgression from wild species has been shown to be a feasible approach for fiber quality improvement in Upland cotton. Previously, we developed an interspecific × advanced-backcross population and mapped over one hundred QTL for fiber quality traits. In the current study, a trait-based selective genotyping approach was utilized to prioritize a small subset of introgression lines with high phenotypic values for different fiber quality traits, to simultaneously validate multiple fiber quality QTL in a single experiment.

Abscisic acid associated with key enzymes and genes involving in dynamic flux of water soluble carbohydrates in wheat peduncle under terminal drought stress.

Remobilization of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) can supply crucial carbon resources for grain filling under drought stress, while the regulatory metabolism associated with abscisic acid (ABA) is still limited. Two cultivars, LJ196 (drought-tolerant) and XD18 (drought-prone), were pot-grown under well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions. Concentrations of WSC components and ABA, and fructan metabolizing enzymes and genes were investigated in peduncle after anthesis.

Genetic dissection of stem WSC accumulation and remobilization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal drought stress.

Background: The accumulation and remobilization of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are determinant physiological traits highly influencing yield potential in wheat against drought stress. However, knowledge gains of the genetic control are still limited. A hexaploid wheat population of 120 recombinant inbred lines were developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to dissect the genetic basis underlying eight traits related to stem WSC under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions across three environments.

Genetic Detection of Lint Percentage Applying Single-Locus and Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Studies in Chinese Early-Maturity Upland Cotton.

Upland cotton ( L.) is the most important source of natural fiber in the world. Early-maturity upland cotton varieties are commonly planted in China.

Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Studies of Fiber-Quality Related Traits in Chinese Early-Maturity Upland Cotton.

Early-maturity varieties of upland cotton are becoming increasingly important for farmers to improve their economic benefits through double cropping practices and mechanical harvesting production in China. However, fiber qualities of early-maturing varieties are relatively poor compared with those of middle- and late- maturing ones. Therefore, it is crucial for researchers to elucidate the genetic bases controlling fiber-quality related traits in early-maturity cultivars, and to improve synergistically cotton earliness and fiber quality.

Genome-wide association study identified genetic variations and candidate genes for plant architecture component traits in Chinese upland cotton.

Thirty significant associations between 22 SNPs and five plant architecture component traits in Chinese upland cotton were identified via GWAS. Four peak SNP loci located on chromosome D03 were simultaneously associated with more plant architecture component traits. A candidate gene, Gh_D03G0922, might be responsible for plant height in upland cotton.

Two genomic regions associated with fiber quality traits in Chinese upland cotton under apparent breeding selection.

Fiber quality is one of the most important agronomic traits of cotton, and understanding the genetic basis of its target traits will accelerate improvements to cotton fiber quality. In this study, a panel comprising 355 upland cotton accessions was used to perform genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of five fiber quality traits in four environments. A total of 16, 10 and 7 SNPs were associated with fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS) and fiber uniformity (FU), respectively, based on the mixed linear model (MLM).

Detection of Favorable QTL Alleles and Candidate Genes for Lint Percentage by GWAS in Chinese Upland Cotton.

Improving cotton yield is a major breeding goal for Chinese upland cotton. Lint percentage is an important yield component and a critical economic index for cotton cultivars, and raising the lint percentage has a close relationship to improving cotton lint yield. To investigate the genetic architecture of lint percentage, a diversity panel consisting of 355 upland cotton accessions was grown, and the lint percentage was measured in four different environments.

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the TIFY gene family in response to drought in cotton.

Jasmonates control many aspects of plant biological processes. They are important for regulating plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought, which is one of the most serious threats to sustainable agricultural production. However, little is known regarding how jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins mediate jasmonic acid signals to improve stress tolerance in cotton.

Identification of favorable SNP alleles and candidate genes for traits related to early maturity via GWAS in upland cotton.

Background: Early maturity is one of the most important and complex agronomic traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). To dissect the genetic architecture of this agronomically important trait, a population consisting of 355 upland cotton germplasm accessions was genotyped using the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) approach, of which a subset of 185 lines representative of the diversity among the accessions was phenotypically characterized for six early maturity traits in four environments. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the generalized linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM).

TaABC1, a member of the activity of bc1 complex protein kinase family from common wheat, confers enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis.

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and low temperature have drastic effects on plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating biochemical and physiological changes in response to stresses are not well understood. Protein kinases are major signal transduction factors among the reported molecular mechanisms mediating acclimation to environmental changes.

Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a polyethylene glycol-induced cysteine protease in common wheat.

Plant cysteine protease (CP) genes are induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, yet their functions remain largely unknown. We isolated the full-length cDNA encoding a Triticum aestivum CP gene, designated TaCP, from wheat by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. Sequence analysis revealed that TaCP contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 362 amino acids, which is 96% identical to barley cysteine protease HvSF42.