Targeted visual cortex stimulation (TVCS): a novel neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mode for improving cognitive function in bipolar disorder.

A more effective and better-tolerated site for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is needed. The primary visual cortex (V1) may represent a suitable site. To investigate the use of the V1, which is functionally linked to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as a potential site for improving cognitive function in BD.

Brain-gut microbiota multimodal predictive model in patients with bipolar depression.

Background: The "microbiota-gut-brain axis" which bridges the brain and gut microbiota is involved in the pathological mechanisms of bipolar disorder (BD), but rare is known about the exact association patterns and the potential for clinical diagnosis and treatment outcome prediction.

Methods: At baseline, fecal samples and resting-state MRI data were collected from 103 BD depression patients and 39 healthy controls (HCs) for metagenomic sequencing and network-based functional connectivity (FC), grey matter volume (GMV) analyses. All patients then received 4-weeks quetiapine treatment and were further classified as responders and non-responders.

Multi-omics analyses of serum metabolome, gut microbiome and brain function reveal dysregulated microbiota-gut-brain axis in bipolar depression.

The intricate processes of microbiota-gut-brain communication in modulating human cognition and emotion, especially in the context of mood disorders, have remained elusive. Here we performed faecal metagenomic, serum metabolomics and neuroimaging studies on a cohort of 109 unmedicated patients with depressed bipolar disorder (BD) patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs) to characterise the microbial-gut-brain axis in BD. Across over 12,000 measured metabolic features, we observed a large discrepancy (73.

Gut Microbiota - A Potential Contributor in the Pathogenesis of Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major psychiatric disorders that is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania (or hypomania), leading to seriously adverse outcomes with unclear pathogenesis. There is an underlying relationship between bacterial communities residing in the gut and brain function, which together form the gut-brain axis (GBA). Recent studies have shown that changes in the gut microbiota have been observed in a large number of BD patients, so the axis may play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.

New Evidence of Gut Microbiota Involvement in the Neuropathogenesis of Bipolar Depression by Modulation: Joint Clinical and Animal Data.

Tetratricopeptide repeat and ankyrin repeat containing 1 () is a robust risk gene of bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known on the role of in the pathogenesis of BD and whether the gut microbiota is capable of regulating expression. In this study, we first investigated the serum mRNA level of in medication-free patients with a depressive episode of BD, then a mice model was constructed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to explore the effects of gut microbiota on brain expression and neuroinflammation, which was further verified by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in BV-2 microglial cells and neurons.

Metagenomic analysis reveals gut bacterial signatures for diagnosis and treatment outcome prediction in bipolar depression.

Background: We aimed to characterize gut microbial alterations in depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD) following quetiapine monotherapy and explored its potential for disease diagnosis and outcome prediction.

Methods: Fecal samples were obtained from 60 healthy individuals and 62 patients in acute depressive episodes. All patients received one-month quetiapine treatment after enrollment.

Discovery of new genetic loci for male sexual orientation in Han population.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the genetic factors partly influence the development of same-sex sexual behavior, but most genetic studies have focused on people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a total sample of 1478 homosexual males and 3313 heterosexual males in Han Chinese populations and identified two genetic loci (rs17320865, Xq27.3, FMR1NB, P = 8.

Metformin acts on the gut-brain axis to ameliorate antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction.

Antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction (AIMD) is an intractable clinical challenge worldwide. The situation is becoming more critical as second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), to a great extent, have replaced the role of first-generation antipsychotics in managing major psychiatric disorders. Although the exact mechanisms for developing AIMD is intricate, emerging evidence has indicated the involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in AIMD.

Involvement of Kynurenine Metabolism in Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Review.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe affective disorder, mainly characterized by alternative depressive and manic or hypomanic episodes, yet the pathogenesis of BD has not been fully elucidated. Recent researches have implicated the altered kynurenine (KYN) metabolism involved in the neurobiology of BD. Excessive activation of the immune system also occurs in patients with BD, which further accelerates the KYN pathway for tryptophan metabolism.

Impaired blood-brain barrier in the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Potential role of bipolar susceptibility gene TRANK1.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric illness with high prevalence and disease burden. Accumulating susceptibility genes for BD have been identified in recent years. However, the exact functions of these genes remain largely unknown.

Landscapes of bacterial and metabolic signatures and their interaction in major depressive disorders.

Gut microbiome disturbances have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about how the gut virome, microbiome, and fecal metabolome change, and how they interact in MDD. Here, using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic methods, we identified 3 bacteriophages, 47 bacterial species, and 50 fecal metabolites showing notable differences in abundance between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Abnormal functional connectivity within the reward network: a potential neuroimaging endophenotype of bipolar disorder.

Background: Reward circuit dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). This study aims to investigate whether nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), two key reward regions for BD, have resting-state dysfunctional connectivity with other brain regions in depressed and euthymic BD.

Methods: 40 bipolar depressive (DE), 20 euthymic patients (EU) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to undergo resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scanning.

Gut microbial clues to bipolar disorder: State-of-the-art review of current findings and future directions.

Trillions of microorganisms inhabiting in the human gut play an essential role in maintaining physical and mental health. The connections between gut microbiome and neuropsychiatric diseases have been recently identified. The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, a spectrum of diseases manifesting with mood and energy fluctuations, also seems to be involved in the bidirectional modulation of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis.

Vortioxetine improves rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: A case report.

Rationale: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a kind of sleep disturbance characterized by a loss of normal paralysis of REM sleep with dream enactment behavior during REM sleep. The pharmacotherapy options for treating RBD are limited and the use of antidepressants remains controversial. Further, the role of vortioxetine in RBD has not been evaluated so far.

Interactive effects of gender and sexual orientation on cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume: a structural brain MRI study.

Background: Testosterone is thought to play a crucial role in sexual differentiation of the brain, and sexual orientation is programmed into our brain structures even when we are still fetuses. Although gender and sexual orientation differences have been shown respectively in many brain structures, the mechanism underlying the sexual differentiation of the brain is still unknown. The study is to investigate the interactive effects of gender and sexual orientation on cerebral structures in homosexual and heterosexual people.

Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation in drug-naïve first-episode patients with anorexia nervosa: A resting-state fMRI study.

To characterize the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in drug-naïve first-episode female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Whole brain rs-fMRI data were collected from 7 drug-naïve first-episode female patients with DSM-5 AN and 14 age-matched healthy female controls. fALFF values were calculated and compared between the two groups using a two-sample t test.

Gut Microbiota in Bipolar Depression and Its Relationship to Brain Function: An Advanced Exploration.

The mechanism of bipolar disorder is unclear. Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in mental disorders. This study aimed to find out changes in the gut microbiota in bipolar depression (BD) subjects following treatment with quetiapine and evaluate their correlations with the brain and immune function.

Construction and characterization of a novel DNA vaccine that is potent antigen-specific tolerizing therapy for experimental arthritis by increasing CD4+CD25+Treg cells and inducing Th1 to Th2 shift in both cells and cytokines.

Currently available treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are often ineffective in ameliorating the progression of disease, particularly the invasive destruction of articular cartilage and bone, and RA remains incurable. Therefore, vaccinotherapy of RA with an antigen-specific tolerizing DNA vaccine may offer new promise for overcoming this difficulty. Using recombinant technology, the DNA sequences encoding chicken type II collagen (CCOL2A1) with deleted N-propeptides were obtained from the plasmid pPIC9K/pCalpha(1)(II), and then cloned into pcDNA3.