Estrogenic Modulation of Retinal Sensitivity in Reproductive Female Túngara Frogs.

Although mate searching behavior in female túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) is nocturnal and largely mediated by acoustic cues, male signaling includes visual cues produced by the vocal sac. To compensate for these low light conditions, visual sensitivity in females is modulated when they are in a reproductive state, as retinal thresholds are decreased. This study tested whether estradiol (E2) plays a role in this modulation.

Reproductive State Modulates Retinal Sensitivity to Light in Female Túngara Frogs.

Visual cues are often a vital part of animal communication and courtship. While a plethora of studies have focused on the role that hormones play in acoustic communication of anurans, relatively few have explored hormonal modulation of vision in these animals. Much of what we do know comes from behavioral studies, which show that a frog's hormonal state can significantly affect both its visual behavior and mating decisions.

Nineteen Years of Consistently Positive and Strong Female Mate Preferences despite Individual Variation.

Sexual selection driven by mate choice has generated some of the most astounding diversity in nature, suggesting that population-level preferences should be strong and consistent over many generations. On the other hand, mating preferences are among the least repeatable components of an individual animal's phenotype, suggesting that consistency should be low across an animal's lifetime. Despite decades of intensive study of sexual selection, there is almost no information about the strength and consistency of preferences across many years.

Quantifying the relationship between optical anatomy and retinal physiological sensitivity: A comparative approach.

Light intensity varies 1 million-fold between night and day, driving the evolution of eye morphology and retinal physiology. Despite extensive research across taxa showing anatomical adaptations to light niches, surprisingly few empirical studies have quantified the relationship between such traits and the physiological sensitivity to light. In this study, we employ a comparative approach in frogs to determine the physiological sensitivity of eyes in two nocturnal (Rana pipiens, Hyla cinerea) and two diurnal species (Oophaga pumilio, Mantella viridis), examining whether differences in retinal thresholds can be explained by ocular and cellular anatomy.