Designing measures of complex collaborations with participatory, evidence-centered design.

An increasingly popular form of collaboration involves forming partnerships among researchers, educators, and community members to improve or transform education systems through research inquiry. However, not all partnerships are successful. The field needs valid, reliable, and useful measures to help with assessing progress toward partnership goals.

A Statewide Collaboration to Deliver and Evaluate a Pediatric Critical Care Simulation Curriculum for Emergency Medical Services.

Objective: Care of the critically ill child is a rare but stressful event for emergency medical services (EMS) providers. Simulation training can improve resuscitation care and prehospital outcomes but limited access to experts, simulation equipment, and cost have limited adoption by EMS systems. Our objective was to form a statewide collaboration to develop, deliver, and evaluate a pediatric critical care simulation curriculum for EMS providers.

Pediatric Fracture Epidemiology and US Emergency Department Resource Utilization.

Objective: Fractures are common childhood injuries that result in emergency department (ED) visits. National trends in pediatric fracture epidemiology and resource utilization are not well described. Our objective is to analyze national trends in pediatric fracture epidemiology, ED disposition, and ED resource utilization from 2010 to 2015.

Pediatric Traumatic Injury Emergency Department Visits and Management in US Children's Hospitals From 2010 to 2019.

Study Objective: To examine trends in trauma-related pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and management in US children's hospitals over 10 years.

Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, including encounters from 33 US children's hospitals. We included patients aged 0 to 19 years with traumatic injuries from 2010 to 2019 identified using International Classification of Diseases-9 and -10 codes.

Association of County-Level Poverty and Inequities With Firearm-Related Mortality in US Youth.

Importance: Youth firearm-related deaths are a public health crisis in the US. The association between county-level poverty and the risk of firearm-related deaths among youth is unknown, however.

Objective: To examine the association between county-level poverty concentration and firearm-related mortality rates in US youth.

The Effect of Health Insurance on Health Care Utilization in the Justice-Involved Population: United States, 2014-2016.

To examine the impact of health insurance coverage on utilization of outpatient, hospital, and emergency department care among justice-involved individuals in the United States. We performed repeated cross-sectional analyses with data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. The study population included 6086 adults with justice involvement within the past year.

Preventing injuries must be a priority to prevent disease in the twenty-first century.

Injuries continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children, adolescents, and young adults aged 1-24 years in industrialized countries in the twenty-first century. In this age group, injuries cause more fatalities than all other causes combined in the United States (U.S.

Cocaine-Related Acute Spinal Cord Infarction.

We report a rare case of anterior spinal artery syndrome in the setting of acute cocaine use. A 31-year-old man presented to the hospital unarousable with leukocytosis and a positive toxicology screen for opioids, cocaine, benzodiazepines and cannabis. He was placed on intravenous naloxone.

Community Poverty and Child Abuse Fatalities in the United States.

Background And Objective: Child maltreatment remains a problem in the United States, and individual poverty is a recognized risk factor for abuse. Children in impoverished communities are at risk for negative health outcomes, but the relationship of community poverty to child abuse fatalities is not known. Our objective was to evaluate the association between county poverty concentration and rates of fatal child abuse.

Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in the era of advanced imaging.

Purpose Of Review: The current review describes the current evidence on pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) with attention to the definition, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of the condition, as well as common MRI findings, management strategies, and outcomes.

Recent Findings: Recent literature demonstrates that with more widespread MRI use, our understanding of SCIWORA has improved. The new literature, although still limited, provides a more granular conceptualization of patterns of injury as well as potential prognostic stratification of patients based on MRI findings.

Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Firearm homicide is a leading cause of injury death in the United States, and there is considerable debate over the effectiveness of firearm policies. An analysis of the effectiveness of firearm laws on firearm homicide is important to understand optimal policies to decrease firearm homicide in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate the association between firearm laws and preventing firearm homicides in the United States.

Abdominal Lymphatic Malformation Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain: A Common Pediatric Complaint, but an Unusual Diagnosis.

We present the clinical and radiological findings involving a mesenteric lymphatic malformation causing volvulus in a toddler presenting with acute abdominal pain, as well as its treatment options.

Restraint use in motor vehicle crash fatalities in children 0 year to 9 years old.

Background: Despite improvements in child passenger safety legislation and equipment, motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) continue to be the leading cause of death in children younger than 10 years. The objective of this study was to describe factors associated with restraint use in fatal MVC in children 0 year to 9 years old.

Methods: The Fatality Analysis Reporting System, maintained by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, was used to obtain data on MVC fatalities from 2001 to 2010 in children 0 year to 9 years old.

Post-natal induction of PGC-1α protects against severe muscle dystrophy independently of utrophin.

Background: Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) afflicts 1 million boys in the US and has few effective treatments. Constitutive transgenic expression of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α improves skeletal muscle function in the murine "mdx" model of DMD, but how this occurs, or whether it can occur post-natally, is not known. The leading mechanistic hypotheses for the benefits conferred by PGC-1α include the induction of utrophin, a dystrophin homolog, and/or induction and stabilization of the neuromuscular junction.

Patient perspectives of an integrated program of medical care and substance use treatment.

The benefits of integrating primary care and substance use disorder treatment are well known, yet true integration is difficult. We developed and evaluated a team-based model of integrated care within the primary care setting for HIV-infected substance users and substance users at risk for contracting HIV. Qualitative data were gathered via focus groups and satisfaction surveys to assess patients' views of the program, evaluate key elements for success, and provide recommendations for other programs.

Disconnecting mitochondrial content from respiratory chain capacity in PGC-1-deficient skeletal muscle.

The transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and PGC-1β are widely thought to be required for mitochondrial biogenesis and fiber typing in skeletal muscle. Here, we show that mice lacking both PGC-1s in myocytes do indeed have profoundly deficient mitochondrial respiration but, surprisingly, have preserved mitochondrial content, isolated muscle contraction capacity, fiber-type composition, in-cage ambulation, and voluntary running capacity. Most of these findings are recapitulated in cell culture and, thus, are cell autonomous.

Effects of age and hearing loss on the relationship between discrimination of stochastic frequency modulation and speech perception.

Objective: The frequency modulation (FM) of speech can convey linguistic information and also enhance speech-stream coherence and segmentation. The purpose of the present study was to use a clinically oriented approach to examine the effects of age and hearing loss on the ability to discriminate between stochastic patterns of low-rate FM and determine whether difficulties in speech perception experienced by older listeners relate to a deficit in this ability.

Design: Data were collected from 18 normal-hearing young adults, and 18 participants who were at least 60 years old, nine of whom had normal hearing and the remaining nine who had a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss.

Cardiac angiogenic imbalance leads to peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an often fatal disease that affects pregnant women who are near delivery, and it occurs more frequently in women with pre-eclampsia and/or multiple gestation. The aetiology of PPCM, and why it is associated with pre-eclampsia, remain unknown. Here we show that PPCM is associated with a systemic angiogenic imbalance, accentuated by pre-eclampsia.

Symptoms and time to medical care in children with accidental extremity fractures.

Background And Objective: Delay in seeking medical care is one criterion used to identify victims of abuse. However, typical symptoms of accidental fractures in young children and the time between injury and the seeking of medical care have not been reported. We describe patient and injury characteristics that influence the time from injury to medical care.

ART2, a T cell surface mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, generates extracellular poly(ADP-ribose).

NAD functions in multiple aspects of cellular metabolism and signaling through enzymes that covalently transfer ADP-ribose from NAD to acceptor proteins, thereby altering their function. NAD is a substrate for two enzyme families, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mARTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), that covalently transfer an ADP-ribose monomer or polymer, respectively, to acceptor proteins. ART2, a mART, is a phenotypic marker of immunoregulatory cells found on the surface of T lymphocytes, including intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs).