Expectancy for Adderall influences subjective mood and drug effects regardless of concurrent caffeine ingestion: A randomized controlled trial.

Rationale: Nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPS; use without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed) is common among college students. Despite the potential for negative consequences, students continue engaging in NPS for cognitive enhancement purposes, which may be maintained by expectancy and placebo effects.

Objectives: This study examined if a placebo administered under the guise of Adderall influenced subjective mood/drug effects and cognitive performance.

Cannabis Use Is Differentially Associated with Individual Facets of Impulsivity through Expectancy Effects: A Comprehensive Application of the Acquired Preparedness Model.

The acquired preparedness model (APM) posits that the relationship between impulsivity and substance use is mediated by drug effect expectancies. Though the APM has been utilized to explain college student cannabis use, a comprehensive model conceptualizing impulsivity as a multidimensional construct has not been examined. Guided by the APM, the current study examined facets of impulsivity as simultaneous predictors of cannabis use through positive and negative expectancies.