An adaptation and exploratory factor analysis of the smoking-related weight and eating episodes test (SWEET) for electronic cigarette users.

Introduction: Smoking for weight control is a well-documented behavior. There is emerging evidence to suggest electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may be used for similar motivations yet measure development for the use of e-cigarettes for weight control has received less attention. The objective of the current study was to adapt and explore the psychometric properties of The Smoking-Related Weight and Eating Episodes Test (SWEET) for e-cigarette users.

Predictive modelling reveals Australian continental risk hotspots for marine debris interactions with key threatened species.

Anthropogenic debris is a global threat that impacts threatened species through various lethal and sub-lethal consequences, as well as overall ecosystem health. This study used a database of over 24,000 beach surveys of marine debris collated by the Australian Marine Debris Initiative from 2012 to 2021, with two key objectives: (1) identify variables that most influence the occurrence of debris hotspots on a continental scale and (2) use these findings to identify likely hotspots of interaction between threatened species and marine debris. The number of particles found in each beach survey was modelled alongside fifteen biological, social, and physical spatial variables including land use, physical oceanography, population, rainfall, distance to waste facilities, ports, and mangroves to identify the significant drivers of debris deposition.

Prevalence of Obesity Among Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Users in the United States: Results from the 2018 Wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Tobacco use and obesity are leading causes of preventable death in the U.S. E-cigarette use is on the rise; however, obesity prevalence among e-cigarette users is unknown.

Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Young Adult Cigarette and E-Cigarette Users.

Tobacco use is elevated among individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Yet, further research is needed to understand associations between cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns and ED symptomatology. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of tobacco use and EDs, this study characterized ED symptomatology and tobacco use patterns, including exclusive cigarette use, e-cigarette use, dual use, and nonuse.

Short-term resilience to climate-induced temperature increases for equatorial sea turtle populations.

Projection models are being increasingly used to manage threatened taxa by estimating their responses to climate change. Sea turtles are particularly susceptible to climate change as they have temperature-dependent sex determination and increased sand temperatures on nesting beaches could result in the 'feminisation' of hatchling sex ratios for some populations. This study modelled likely long-term trends in sand temperatures and hatchling sex ratios at an equatorial nesting site for endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and critically endangered hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata).

E-cigarette weight and appetite control beliefs and e-cigarette initiation in young adults.

E-cigarette use has increased among young adults, and emerging research suggests a subset of young adults report using e-cigarettes for appetite control/weight loss. The current article examined the association of e-cigarette weight control beliefs with subsequent e-cigarette initiation. Data were collected via online surveys from a prospective cohort study of young adults in Southern California ( = 1,368) at baseline (May-October 2020; [] = 21.

Predictors of early weight loss in post-bariatric surgery patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss-of-control eating.

This study examined baseline patient characteristics as predictors of early weight loss, defined as any weight loss within the first month of treatment, among patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss-of-control (LOC) eating about 6 months after bariatric surgery. Participants were 126 patients in a treatment trial for LOC-eating (roughly 6 months postoperatively) categorized by early weight change following 1 month of treatment. Early weight-loss, defined as any weight loss following 1 month of treatment, and weight-gain, defined as any weight gain, groups were compared on sociodemographic and clinical variables assessed using a battery of reliably administered diagnostic and clinical interviews and established self-report measures, and on surgery-related variables (time since surgery, percent total [%TWL], and percent excess weight loss).

Baseline associations between biomarkers, cognitive function, and self-regulation indices in the Cognitive and Self-regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study.

Objective: Understanding how biological, cognitive, and self-regulatory factors are related to obesity, and weight regulation is clearly needed to optimize obesity prevention and treatment. The objective of this investigation was to understand how baseline biological, cognitive, and self-regulatory factors are related to adiposity at the initiation of a behavioral weight loss intervention among treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity.

Methods: Participants ( = 107) in the Cognitive and Self-regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study (Identifier-NCT02786238) completed a baseline assessment with anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, cognitive function, and self-regulation measures as part of a larger on-going trial.

Tobacco product use for weight control as an eating disorder behavior: Recommendations for future clinical and public health research.

Tobacco product use (TPU; e.g., smoking, e-cigarettes, other emerging products) is elevated in eating disorders (EDs), yet the phenomenology of tobacco use within EDs has not received much attention.

Mindful acceptance, not awareness, associated with lower food susceptibility.

Purpose: Food susceptibility refers to an individual's thoughts, feelings, and motivations when highly palatable foods are available. Mindfulness, or the practice of paying attention, non-judgmentally, in the present moment, is a key element in acceptance-based programs, which have been shown to benefit those with high food susceptibility. This study examined the relationship between food susceptibility and (1) trait mindfulness and (2) mindfulness facets (i.

Influence of short-term temperature drops on sex-determination in sea turtles.

All sea turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex-determination, where warmer temperatures produce mostly females and cooler temperatures produce mostly males. As global temperatures continue to rise, sea turtle sex-ratios are expected to become increasingly female-biased, threatening the long-term viability of many populations. Nest temperatures are dependent on sand temperature, and heavy rainfall events reduce sand temperatures for a brief period.

Harm Perceptions of Tobacco/Nicotine Products and Child Exposure: Differences between Non-Users, Cigarette-Exclusive, and Electronic Cigarette-Exclusive Users.

Objective: This study examined caregiver perception of harm and child secondhand exposure to nicotine in a sample of e-cigarette-exclusive, cigarette-exclusive, and non-tobacco/nicotine users (non-users).

Methods: Cigarette-exclusive (n = 19), e-cigarette-exclusive (n = 12), and non-users (n = 20) and their children (N = 51,  = 10.47) completed self-report questionnaires about perceptions of harm, child secondhand exposure, and provided urine to assess child nicotine exposure (cotinine).

Youth use of e-cigarettes: Does dependence vary by device type?

Introduction: Youth nicotine dependence may vary by e-cigarette device used.

Methods: E-cigarette device type ("JUUL," "similar pod/JUUL like device (i.e.

The Effectiveness of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Programs on Psychosocial Factors in Patients With Pulmonary and Cardiac Disease.

Purpose: Those with chronic cardiac and pulmonary diseases are predisposed to several psychosocial disorders. Tailored rehabilitation programs have been shown to improve physiological and psychosocial well-being. The purpose of this study was, first, to assess the psychosocial improvements among patients with cardiac and pulmonary diseases who have finished cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs; second, to assess the differences in psychosocial factors among those patients based on smoking status at the beginning and end of these programs.

Pilot Trial of Acceptance-Based Behavioral Weight Loss and Neurocognition Among American Indians.

Acceptance-based behavioral therapies (ABTs) for obesity may be superior to standard behavioral therapies but have not been adequately tested with American Indians (AIs). Neurocognitive function is also unexamined in relation to behavioral weight loss among AIs despite findings that neurocognition predicts outcomes in general samples, may help explain some of the benefits of ABTs, and may be relevant to marginalized groups. The primary objective of this pilot was to examine the feasibility/acceptability of ABT in an AI sample.

Adolescent Susceptibility to E-Cigarettes: An Update From the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey.

Purpose: Examine correlates of e-cigarette susceptibility among adolescents.

Design: Secondary data analyses using the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey, excluding participants under 12 and over 17.

Setting: United States middle and high schools.

Evaluation of Respiratory Symptoms Among Youth e-Cigarette Users.

Importance: Use of e-cigarettes (ECs) among youths has increased in recent years. e-Cigarette aerosol contains chemical constituents, such as diacetyl or benzaldehyde, which are known to affect the respiratory system.

Objective: To examine the association between EC use and self-reported wheezing in a cohort of US adolescents.

Depression subtypes, binge eating, and weight loss in bariatric surgery candidates.

Background: Depression and binge eating disorder (BED) are prevalent among bariatric surgery candidates. Depression subtypes may be differentially related to obesity, such that the atypical subtype predicts poorer outcomes. However, no research has examined depression subtypes, BED, and weight loss in bariatric candidates.

Psychological distress and substance use among young adults with comorbid asthma and obesity.

This study examined psychosocial distress and substance use in young adults with asthma (A), obesity (O), comorbid asthma and obesity (AO), or neither (controls). Eight hundred eighty-one young adults were included in the A, O, AO, or control group. ANCOVA and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare responses to screeners for psychological distress and substance use among the four groups.

Disentangling the effect of host-genotype and environment on the microbiome of the coral .

Genotype-specific contributions to the environmental tolerance and disease susceptibility of corals are widely accepted. Yet our understanding of how host genotype influences the composition and stability of the coral microbiome subjected to environmental fluctuations is limited. To gain insight into the community dynamics and environmental stability of microbiomes associated with distinct coral genotypes, we assessed the microbial community associated with under single and cumulative pressure experiments.

Earlier Onset of Maternal Excess Adiposity Associated with Shorter Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is recommended; however, women with obesity have lower exclusive breastfeeding rates than their normal weight peers. The impact of the timing of maternal excess adiposity onset is unknown.

Research Aim: We examined whether the timing of onset of excess weight was related to exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Exploring the diversity-stability paradigm using sponge microbial communities.

A key concept in theoretical ecology is the positive correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. When applying this diversity-stability concept to host-associated microbiomes, the following questions emerge: (1) Does microbial diversity influence the stability of microbiomes upon environmental fluctuations? (2) Do hosts that harbor high versus low microbial diversity differ in their stress response? To test the diversity-stability concept in host-associated microbiomes, we exposed six marine sponge species with varying levels of microbial diversity to non-lethal salinity disturbances and followed their microbial composition over time using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No signs of sponge stress were evident following salinity amendment and microbiomes exhibited compositional resistance irrespective of their microbial diversity.

Cognitive and Self-regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study (COSMOS): Study protocol for a randomized controlled weight loss trial examining change in biomarkers, cognition, and self-regulation across two behavioral treatments.

Obesity is a global epidemic, yet successful interventions are rare. Up to 60% of people fail to achieve clinically meaningful, short-term weight loss (5-10% of start weight), whereas up to 72% are unsuccessful at achieving long-term weight loss (5-10% loss for ≥5years). Understanding how biological, cognitive, and self-regulatory factors work together to promote or to impede weight loss is clearly needed to optimize obesity treatment.