Differences in both expression and protein activity contribute to the distinct functions of AINTEGUMENTA compared with AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 5 and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 7.

Three members of the Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE/PLETHORA (AIL/PLT) transcription factor family, AIL5/PLT5, AIL6/PLT3, and AIL7/PLT7, exhibit partially overlapping roles with AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) during flower development. Loss of ANT function alone results in smaller floral organs and female sterility indicating that some ANT functions cannot be provided by these related transcription factors. Previously, we showed that expression of AIL6 at the same levels and spatial pattern as ANT could largely rescue the defects of ant mutants.

Nasal Reconstruction: Defects that Cross Anatomical Subunits.

The nose plays a crucial role in the human experience, both aesthetically and functionally. The biomechanics of covering flaps, the importance of a firm framework, and the anatomical basis for aesthetic subunits are imperative concepts as one proceeds through the algorithm of reparative options. The subunits consist of three paired units-the ala, soft tissue facets (also known as soft tissue triangles), and sidewall, as well as three unpaired units-the dorsum, tip, and columella.