The surgical destabilization of the abductor muscle leads to development of instability-associated hip osteoarthritis in mice.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a common and debilitating painful joint disease. However, there is paucity of surgically induced hip OA models in small animals that allow scientists to study the onset and progression of the disease. A growing body of evidence indicates a positive association between periarticular myotendinous pathology and the development of hip OA.

Evaluation and Management of the Athlete's Hip.

Hip and groin pain is common in athletes, and there are many possible underlying pathologies. It is important to describe athletic hip pathology in the context of sport-specific physiologic loads and biomechanical demands. Three distinct types of athletes with this pathology are collision athletes, hypermobility athletes, and endurance athletes.

Clinical Outcomes of Adolescents With Anterior Shoulder Instability and Glenolabral Articular Disruption Lesions Compared With Isolated Bankart Lesions.

Background: Glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD) lesions may occur in adolescents with anterior shoulder instability, resulting in articular cartilage loss and reduced functional glenoid surface area.

Purpose/hypothesis: To compare failure rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between adolescents with versus without GLAD lesions who were treated for anterior shoulder instability with arthroscopic stabilization. It was hypothesized that the comparison would yield no significant differences.

Intermediate Outcomes of Shoulder Synovial Chondromatosis in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Report.

Case: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition affecting synovial joints. It occurs uncommonly in the shoulder and is rare in the pediatric population. We present a case of a 13-year-old male patient with shoulder pain who was diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis and a posterior labral tear.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Are Similar in the First 2 Years After Staged Versus Combined Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy for Hip Dysplasia.

Purpose: To compare early patient-reported outcomes after staged versus combined hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia.

Methods: A prospective database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients that underwent combined or staged hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) from 2012 to 2020. Patients were excluded if they were >40 years of age, had prior ipsilateral hip surgery, or did not have at least 12-24 months of postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) data.

Segmental and Circumferential Acetabular Labral Reconstruction Have Comparable Outcomes in the Treatment of Irreparable or Unsalvageable Labral Pathology: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review comparing outcomes of segmental versus circumferential arthroscopic labral reconstruction as a treatment for symptomatic irreparable or unsalvageable acetabular labral pathology.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study groups were divided into segmental and circumferential labral reconstructions.

Increasing the Educational Value of the Orthopaedic Subinternship: The Design and Implementation of a Fourth-Year Medical Student Curriculum.

Introduction: Most orthopaedic subinternships function as month-long interviews. These rotations remain relatively unstructured and lack standardization, and their overall educational value has been called into question. The goals of this educational initiative were to create a structured subinternship curriculum for orthopaedic applicants and to shift the focus of the subinternship from a month-long interview to an organized educational experience.

Obesity/Type II diabetes alters macrophage polarization resulting in a fibrotic tendon healing response.

Type II Diabetes (T2DM) dramatically impairs the tendon healing response, resulting in decreased collagen organization and mechanics relative to non-diabetic tendons. Despite this burden, there remains a paucity of information regarding the mechanisms that govern impaired healing of diabetic tendons. Mice were placed on either a high fat diet (T2DM) or low fat diet (lean) and underwent flexor tendon transection and repair surgery.

Low-Dose and Short-Duration Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Inhibition Does Not Affect Adhesion Formation during Murine Flexor Tendon Healing.

Background: After flexor tendon injury and repair, adhesion formation is a substantial concern, as it can result in loss of motion and functional disability. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) is a gelatinase that contributes to degradation of extracellular matrix and is expressed during flexor tendon healing. Mmp9(-/-) mice have accelerated remodeling of adhesions during flexor tendon healing, relative to wild-type mice.

Systemic EP4 Inhibition Increases Adhesion Formation in a Murine Model of Flexor Tendon Repair.

Flexor tendon injuries are a common clinical problem, and repairs are frequently complicated by post-operative adhesions forming between the tendon and surrounding soft tissue. Prostaglandin E2 and the EP4 receptor have been implicated in this process following tendon injury; thus, we hypothesized that inhibiting EP4 after tendon injury would attenuate adhesion formation. A model of flexor tendon laceration and repair was utilized in C57BL/6J female mice to evaluate the effects of EP4 inhibition on adhesion formation and matrix deposition during flexor tendon repair.