Timing of early excision and grafting following burn in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: This study sought to establish appropriate timing of burn wound excision and grafting in a resource-poor setting in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: All burn patients (905 patients) admitted to Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) Burn Unit in Lilongwe, Malawi over three years (2011-2014) were studied.

Results: 275 patients (30%) had an operation during their admission.

Disaster Planning: Financing a Burn Disaster, Where Do You Turn and What Are Your Options When Your Hospital Has Been Impacted by a Burn Disaster in the United States?

The cost associated with a single burn injured patient can be significant. The American healthcare system functions in part based on traditional market forces which include supply and demand. In addition, there are a variety of payer sources with disparate payment for the same services.

A novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting SAIL for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

Although several new therapeutic approaches have improved outcomes in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, unmet need persists in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Here we describe the proteomic identification of a novel cancer target, SAIL (Surface Antigen In Leukemia), whose expression is observed in AML, MM, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). While SAIL is widely expressed in CLL, AML, MM, DLBCL and FL patient samples, expression in cancer cell lines is mostly limited to cells of AML origin.

Burn care delivery in a sub-saharan african unit: A cost analysis study.

Introduction: There are significant resource challenges to burn surgical care delivery in low and middle-income countries at baseline and only a few burn cost analysis studies from sub-Saharan Africa have been performed.

Methods: This is a retrospective database analysis of prospectively collected data from all patients recorded in the burn registry between June 2011 and August 2014 located at the Kamuzu Central Hospital Burn Unit in Lilongwe, Malawi. We utilized activity-based costing, a bottom-up cost analysis methodology with cost allocation that allows determination of unit cost or cost per service.

Intramuscular temperature modulates glutamate-evoked masseter muscle pain intensity in humans.

Aims: To determine whether glutamate-evoked jaw muscle pain is altered by the temperature of the solution injected.

Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers participated and received injections of hot (48°C), neutral (36°C), or cold (3°C) solutions (0.5 mL) of glutamate or isotonic saline into the masseter muscle.

The chromatin remodelers RSC and ISW1 display functional and chromatin-based promoter antagonism.

ISWI family chromatin remodelers typically organize nucleosome arrays, while SWI/SNF family remodelers (RSC) typically disorganize and eject nucleosomes, implying an antagonism that is largely unexplored in vivo. Here, we describe two independent genetic screens for rsc suppressors that yielded mutations in the promoter-focused ISW1a complex or mutations in the 'basic patch' of histone H4 (an epitope that regulates ISWI activity), strongly supporting RSC-ISW1a antagonism in vivo. RSC and ISW1a largely co-localize, and genomic nucleosome studies using rsc isw1 mutant combinations revealed opposing functions: promoters classified with a nucleosome-deficient region (NDR) gain nucleosome occupancy in rsc mutants, but this gain is attenuated in rsc isw1 double mutants.

Intramuscular pH modulates glutamate-evoked masseter muscle pain magnitude in humans.

Background: This study was conducted to determine whether glutamate-evoked jaw muscle pain is modulated by the acidity and temperature of the solution injected.

Methods: Thirty two participants participated and received injections of high-temperature acidic (HT-A) glutamate (pH 4.8, 48 °C), high-temperature neutral (HT-N) glutamate (pH 7.

SINE transcription by RNA polymerase III is suppressed by histone methylation but not by DNA methylation.

Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), such as Alu, spread by retrotransposition, which requires their transcripts to be copied into DNA and then inserted into new chromosomal sites. This can lead to genetic damage through insertional mutagenesis and chromosomal rearrangements between non-allelic SINEs at distinct loci. SINE DNA is heavily methylated and this was thought to suppress its accessibility and transcription, thereby protecting against retrotransposition.

Association between early airway damage-associated molecular patterns and subsequent bacterial infection in patients with inhalational and burn injury.

Bacterial infection is a major cause of morbidity affecting outcome following burn and inhalation injury. While experimental burn and inhalation injury animal models have suggested that mediators of cell damage and inflammation increase the risk of infection, few studies have been done on humans. This is a prospective, observational study of patients admitted to the North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center at the University of North Carolina who were intubated and on mechanical ventilation for treatment of burn and inhalational injury.

Tea and coffee and risk of endometrial cancer: cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous reports, mostly from retrospective studies, suggested possible protective effects of both tea and coffee against endometrial cancer, but recent reports from prospective studies generally showed weaker or null associations.

Objectives: We investigated endometrial cancer risk in relation to tea and coffee consumption in a large prospective study and did a meta-analysis of published results.

Design: Daily consumption of tea and coffee was recorded in 560,356 participants (without a hysterectomy) in the UK Million Women Study of whom 4067 women developed endometrial cancer during 5.

A noninvasive hemoglobin monitor in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Critically ill pediatric patients frequently require hemoglobin monitoring. Accurate noninvasive Hb (SpHb) would allow practitioners to decrease anemia from repeated blood draws, traumatic blood draws, and a decreased number of laboratory Hb (LabHb) medical tests. The Food and Drug Administration has approved the Masimo Pronto SpHb and associated Rainbow probes; however, its use in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is controversial.

Frequent physical activity may not reduce vascular disease risk as much as moderate activity: large prospective study of women in the United Kingdom.

Background: Although physical activity has generally been associated with reduced risk of vascular disease, there is limited evidence about the effects of the frequency and duration of various activities on the incidence of particular types of vascular disease.

Methods And Results: In 1998, on average, 1.1 million women without prior vascular disease reported their frequency of physical activity and many other personal characteristics.

Improving comfort and throughput for patients undergoing fractionated laser ablation of symptomatic burn scars.

Introduction: Utilization of fractionated ablation with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has shown to be efficacious in the management of symptomatic burn scars. Although effective, this procedure is painful and burn patients traditionally evidence low pain tolerance. For this reason intravenous anesthesia is used during these procedures.

The effect of incentive spirometry on postoperative pulmonary function following laparotomy: a randomized clinical trial.

Importance: Changes in pulmonary dynamics following laparotomy are well documented. Deep breathing exercises, with or without incentive spirometry, may help counteract postoperative decreased vital capacity; however, the evidence for the role of incentive spirometry in the prevention of postoperative atelectasis is inconclusive. Furthermore, data are scarce regarding the prevention of postoperative atelectasis in sub-Saharan Africa.

HDAC1,2 inhibition impairs EZH2- and BBAP-mediated DNA repair to overcome chemoresistance in EZH2 gain-of-function mutant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Gain-of-function mutations in the catalytic site of EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2), is observed in about 22% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases. Here we show that selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 1,2 (HDAC1,2) activity using a small molecule inhibitor causes cytotoxic or cytostatic effects in EZH2 gain-of-function mutant (EZH2GOF) DLBCL cells. Our results show that blocking the activity of HDAC1,2 increases global H3K27ac without causing a concomitant global decrease in H3K27me3 levels.

Differential effects of repetitive oral administration of monosodium glutamate on interstitial glutamate concentration and muscle pain sensitivity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of high daily monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption with glutamate concentrations in jaw muscle, saliva, and serum, and muscle pain sensitivity in healthy participants.

Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the effect of repetitive consumption of high-dose MSG on glutamate concentration in the masseter muscles measured by microdialysis and muscle pain sensitivity. In five contiguous experimental daily sessions, 32 healthy participants drank MSG (150 mg/kg) or NaCl (24 mg/kg) diluted with a 400 mL soda.

Antitumor activity of an anti-CD98 antibody.

CD98 is expressed on several tissue types and specifically upregulated on fast-cycling cells undergoing clonal expansion. Various solid (e.g.

Age at menarche and risks of coronary heart and other vascular diseases in a large UK cohort.

Background: Early menarche has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but most studies were relatively small and could not assess risk across a wide range of menarcheal ages; few have examined associations with other vascular diseases. We examined CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertensive disease risks by age at menarche in a large prospective study of UK women.

Methods And Results: In 1.

Variations in vascular mortality trends, 2001-2010, among 1.3 million women with different lifestyle risk factors for the disease.

Aims: Vascular disease mortality has declined rapidly in most Western countries, against a background of improved treatments and falling prevalence of smoking, but rising obesity. We examined whether this decline differed by lifestyle risk factors for vascular disease.

Methods And Results: During 2001-2010, there were 9241 vascular disease deaths in a prospective study of 1.

The effect of a new surgery residency program on case volume and case complexity in a sub-Saharan African hospital.

Background: Improved access to surgical care could prevent a significant burden of disease and disability-adjusted life years, and workforce shortages are the biggest obstacle to surgical care. To address this shortage, a 5-year surgical residency program was established at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in July 2009. As the residency enters its fourth year, we hypothesized that the initiation of a general surgical residency program would result in an increase in the overall case volume and complexity at KCH.

Hospital mortality following trauma: an analysis of a hospital-based injury surveillance registry in sub-Saharan Africa.

Importance: Injuries are a significant cause of death and disability, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Health care systems in resource-poor countries lack personnel and are ill equipped to treat severely injured patients; therefore, many injury-related deaths occur after hospital admission.

Objectives: This study evaluates the mortality for hospitalized trauma patients at a tertiary care hospital in Malawi.