Resveratrol amplifies the anti-tumor effect of α-PD-1 by altering the intestinal microbiome and PGD2 content.

The anti-PD-1 mAb may be further considered along with PGD2 or active molecules that can promote PGD2 synthesis to enhance the anti-tumor immune response.

Curcumin blunts epithelial-mesenchymal transition to alleviate invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer through the JARID1D demethylation.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common and prevalent cancers in men worldwide. The majority of PCa-related deaths result from metastasis rather than primary tumors. Several studies have focused on the relationship between male-specific genes encoded on the Y chromosome and PCa metastasis; however, the relationship between the male specific protein encoded on the Y chromosome and tumor suppression has not been fully clarified.

Peripheral CD8PD-1 T cells as novel biomarker for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in humanized mice of non-small cell lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown promising clinical activity in the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, further clarification of the specific mechanism and identification of biomarkers are imperative prior to implementing it as a daily practice. The study investigated the reprogramming of T cells in both tumor and peripheral blood following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in a preclinical NSCLC mouse model engrafted with a human immune system. Samples were also collected from 21 NSCLC patients (Stage IA-IIIB) who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and the dynamics of potential biomarkers within these samples were measured and further subjected to correlation analysis with prognosis.

Screening of an individualized treatment strategy for an advanced gallbladder cancer using patient-derived tumor xenograft and organoid models.

Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor sensitivity to postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy; therefore, the development of individualized treatment strategies is paramount to improve patient outcomes. Both patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and patient-derived tumor organoid (PDO) models derived from surgical specimens can better preserve the biological characteristics and heterogeneity of individual original tumors, display a unique advantage for individualized therapy and predicting clinical outcomes. In this study, PDX and PDO models of advanced gallbladder cancer were established, and the consistency of biological characteristics between them and primary patient samples was confirmed using pathological analysis and RNA-sequencing.

LRRC8A Is a Promising Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system with increasing morbidity and mortality. The lack of sensitive and reliable biomarkers is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), which are ubiquitously expressed in the vertebrate cell membrane, are composed of leucine-rich repeat-containing 8A (LRRC8A) and four other homologous family members (LRRC8B-E).

The Application of [Ga]-Labeled FAPI-04 PET/CT for Targeting and Early Detection of Pancreatic Carcinoma in Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models.

[F]FDG as a probe of PET/CT is a radiolabeled glucose analogue taken up by most cells, but its batch activity is limited. [Ga]FAPI-04 is a promising alternative based on a fibroblast activation protein-specific inhibitor (FAPI) labeled with radiotracer FAP. Here, a series of databases suggested that FAP expression was significantly different in pancreatic cancer compared to normal tissue.

may be a key factor regulating the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine.

Owing to the high heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) can compensate for the defects of cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) and also better preserve the heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment of primary tumors. Further, gemcitabine, which is used for the treatment of various cancers, is prone to tumor drug resistance, and this limits its sustained efficacy. Therefore, in this study, our objective was to screen appropriate individual therapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer.

Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of pefloxacin in grass carp with a novel pretreatment method.

A rapid colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) for the detection of pefloxacin (PEF) was established and optimized. The anti-PEF monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used to target PEF as a colloidal gold-mAb conjugate. The mAb belonged to the IgG2b subtype, lambda light chain, the affinity constant (Ka) was 5.

Monoamine oxidase A drives neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer.

Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NED) of prostate cancer (PCa) is the main cause of failure of androgen receptor inhibitor treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of NEPC, especially treatment-induced NEPC, remain unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that elevated monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) contribute to the proliferation, cell stemness, and bone metastasis in PCa.

Advances in neuroendocrine prostate cancer research: From model construction to molecular network analyses.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and has a high incidence and associated mortality worldwide. It is an androgen-driven disease in which tumor growth is triggered via ligand-mediated signaling through the androgen receptor (AR). Recent evidence suggests that the widespread use of effective AR pathway inhibitors may increase the occurrence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive and treatment-resistant AR-negative variant; however, mechanisms controlling NEPC development remain to be elucidated.

Application of Organoid Models in Prostate Cancer Research.

Complex heterogeneity is an important characteristic in the development of prostate cancer (PCa), which further leads to the failure of known therapeutic options. PCa research has been hampered by the current model systems that cannot fully reflect the biological characteristics and clinical diversity of PCa. The tumor organoid model in three-dimensional culture retains the heterogeneity of primary tumor tissues well and enables high-throughput screening and genome editing.

Bisphenol S promotes fat storage in multiple generations of Caenorhabditis elegans in a daf-16/nhr-49 dependent manner.

Bisphenol S (BPS) has been gradually used in all kinds of productions. Our previous study has demonstrated that BPS increases the obesogenic effects of a high-glucose diet through regulating lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).

Strategies for the Construction of Mouse Models With Humanized Immune System and Evaluation of Tumor Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Immunotherapy has been used as a first-line treatment for a variety of advanced tumors, allowing remarkable progress to be made in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, only a small number of patients can benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. To improve the effect of immunotherapy, the underlying mechanism of combination therapy was investigated in the context of an intact human tumor immune microenvironment using mice with a human immune system (HIS) bearing human tumors.

Intestinal microbiota: A potential target for enhancing the antitumor efficacy and reducing the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is associated with the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) following ICI treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unclear. Recent technological advances have allowed more extensive investigation into the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the tumor immune microenvironment.

Bisphenol S increases the obesogenic effects of a high-glucose diet through regulating lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Bisphenol S (BPS), a structural analog of Bisphenol A (BPA), has been widely used as a substitute for epoxy resin, food packaging materials, and other products due to the limited application of BPA. Studies in vivo and in vitro have indicated that BPA could induce fat accumulation like an obesogen. The main goal of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of BPS in lipid metabolism using Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

Establishment and characterization of patient-derived xenografts for hormone-naïve and castrate-resistant prostate cancers to improve treatment modality evaluation.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable morphological patterns. Thus, establishing a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model that retains the key features of the primary tumor for each type of PC is important for appropriate evaluation. In this study, we established PDX models of hormone-naïve (D17225) and castration-resistant (B45354) PC by implanting fresh tumor samples, obtained from patients with advanced PC under the renal capsule of immune-compromised mice.

Mediated Imaging and Improved Targeting of Farnesylthiosalicylic Acid Delivery for Pancreatic Cancer via Conjugation with Near-Infrared Fluorescence Heptamethine Carbocyanine Dye.

---Farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) is a Ras inhibitor that exhibits desirable anticancer property and currently undergoing clinical trials for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability have severely hampered clinical applications. A strategy to improve FTS bioavailability is to develop a suitable drug delivery method.

Toxicity and multigenerational effects of bisphenol S exposure to on developmental, biochemical, reproductive and oxidative stress.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of BPA. However, it does not mean that BPS is a safe substitute due to the lack of effective evaluation of BPS.

Patient-derived bladder cancer xenograft models reveal VEGF and CDK4 enhancing tumor metastasis behavior.

New strategies to treat advanced bladder cancer are urgently required. A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model has become a useful tool to evaluate chemotherapeutics and investigate personalized cancer treatment options. In this study, fresh human bladder cancer specimens (C09303 and C21391) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to establish PDX models.

NIRF Optical/PET Dual-Modal Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Heptamethine Carbocyanine Dye.

Combining near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and nuclear imaging techniques provides a novel approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Here, we report the synthesis and characteristics of a dual-modality NIRF optical/positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe using heptamethine carbocyanine dye and verify its feasibility in both nude mice and rabbits with orthotopic xenograft liver cancer. This dye, MHI-148, is an effective cancer-specific NIRF imaging agent and shows preferential uptake and retention in liver cancer.

Insights into Macrophage Autophagy in Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Role of Heat Shock Protein 16.3.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major bacterial infectious disease worldwide that is predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The comorbidity of multiple drug-resistant TB strains with HIV and diabetes is widespread. In the presence of these diseases, host immunity is weakened, allowing the recovery of dormant bacilli and leading to recurrent TB infection.

Effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutant Strain Hsp16.3 Gene on Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Autophagy.

Heat shock protein Hsp16.3 is closely related to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and plays an important role in sustained survival when MTB is dormant. In this study, the Hsp16.

Heptamethine carbocyanine DZ-1 dye for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dyes have recently emerged as promising tools for non-invasive imaging of different types of cancers. Here, we explored the potential utility of a NIRF DZ-1 dye, with dual imaging and tumour targeting functions, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We showed the preferential uptake of DZ-1 by HCC cells and in derived subcutaneous/orthotopic tumour xenografts, accompanied by a minimal effect on normal cells.