Glycated Hemoglobin and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in People Without Diabetes.

Background: The metabolic injury caused by protein glycation, monitored as the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), is not represented in most risk scores (i.e., Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scale).

Influence of sex, age and race on coronary and heart failure events in patients with diabetes and post-acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Women, older patients and non-White ethnic groups experience a substantial proportion of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), although they have been historically underrepresented in ACS randomized clinical trials (RCTs). To assess the influence of sex, age and race on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and on heart failure events, we studied patients with type 2 diabetes in a large post-ACS trial (EXAMINE).

Methods: Differences in baseline characteristics and the respective composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (MACE) and cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (HF events) were evaluated by subgroups in a cohort of post-ACS patients with diabetes, using unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression modelling.

Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bariatric surgery in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, we reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent bariatric surgery at a tertiary care hospital between January 2007 and March 2015. Patients who underwent revisional surgery and patients with type 1 diabetes were excluded from the analysis.

Significant Benefits of AIP Testing and Clinical Screening in Familial Isolated and Young-onset Pituitary Tumors.

Context: Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene are responsible for a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) cases and sporadic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs).

Objective: To compare prospectively diagnosed AIP mutation-positive (AIPmut) PitNET patients with clinically presenting patients and to compare the clinical characteristics of AIPmut and AIPneg PitNET patients.

Design: 12-year prospective, observational study.

Effects of Bariatric Surgery on HDL Cholesterol.

Background: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) are independent predictive factors of coronary heart disease. Bariatric surgery increases HDLc concentration, but the chronology and predictors of this improvement in HDLc levels are not well-established. The aim of the present study was to analyse the changes over time in HDLc concentrations after bariatric surgery and to determine the predictors of their increase.

Tumor microenvironment defines the invasive phenotype of AIP-mutation-positive pituitary tumors.

The molecular mechanisms leading to aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) mutation-induced aggressive, young-onset growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors are not fully understood. In this study, we have identified that AIP-mutation-positive tumors are infiltrated by a large number of macrophages compared to sporadic tumors. Tissue from pituitary-specific Aip-knockout (Aip;Hesx1) mice recapitulated this phenotype.

Prevalence and Course of Endocrinopathy in POEMS Syndrome.

Context: POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma-proliferative disorder, and skin changes, among other features.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and course of endocrine dysfunction in POEMS.

Design: Cohort study with systematic review of the endocrinopathy in POEMS.

Cushing's disease: major difficulties in diagnosis and management during pregnancy.

Pregnancy in women with a diagnosis of Cushing' syndrome (CS) is an extremely rare event and its diagnosis and treatment are a real medical challenge. During pregnancy, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis undergoes major changes leading to a significant increase in plasma cortisol levels throughout gestation. The difficulties in diagnosis are related to the resemblance of symptoms of CS and those of pregnancy, and to the complex interpretation of the screening tests.

Risk category system to identify pituitary adenoma patients with mutations.

Background: Predictive tools to identify patients at risk for gene mutations related to pituitary adenomas are very helpful in clinical practice. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a reliable risk category system for aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein () mutations in patients with pituitary adenomas.

Methods: An international cohort of 2227 subjects were consecutively recruited between 2007 and 2016, including patients with pituitary adenomas (familial and sporadic) and their relatives.

Novel Genetic Causes of Pituitary Adenomas.

Recently, a number of novel genetic alterations have been identified that predispose individuals to pituitary adenomas. Clinically relevant pituitary adenomas are relatively common, present in 0.1% of the general population.

Cushing's syndrome and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review of published cases.

Pregnancy in Cushing's syndrome (CS) is extremely rare due to the influence of hypercortisolism on the reproductive axis. Purpose of this study is to investigate whether the etiology of CS in pregnancy determines a different impact on the fetal/newborn and maternal outcomes. We performed a systematic review of cases published in the literature from January 1952 to April 2015 including the words "Cushing AND pregnancy".

In women with gestational diabetes mellitus factors influencing growth have a larger effect on placental weight than on birth weight.

Background And Aims: Excessive fetal and placental growth are very common in diabetic pregnancy. We aimed to analyze in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) the association with birth weight (BW), placental weight (PW) and placental-to-birth weight (PWBW) ratio of acknowledged BW predictors.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort database from a tertiary hospital.

Gestational diabetes mellitus in women with multiple pregnancies: is the metabolic abnormality milder?

Objective: We aimed to compare maternal characteristics and dysglycemia after delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to pregnancy being multiple (MP) or singleton (SP). The hypothesis was that women with GDM and MP would have a milder glycemic abnormality before and after pregnancy than those with SP.

Methods: We performed a cohort study of 2908 women giving birth between 1986 and 2009.

Efficacy of a hyperglycemia treatment program in a Vascular Surgery Department supervised by Endocrinology.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the strategy and efficacy of a hyperglycemia treatment program supervised by Endocrinology.

Methods: All patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized at the vascular surgery department over a 12 month period were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and hyperglycemia treatment during hospitalization, at discharge and 2-6 month after discharge were collected.

Diabetes in pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and proposed codification of definitions.

Rising rates of diabetes in pregnancy have led to an escalation in research in this area. As in any area of clinical research, definitions of outcomes vary from study to study, making it difficult to compare research findings and draw conclusions. Our aim was to compile and create a repository of definitions, which could then be used universally.