The AKI-to-CKD Transition: The Role of Uremic Toxins.

After acute kidney injury (AKI), renal function continues to deteriorate in some patients. In a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment, the proximal tubules are subject to maladaptive repair. In the AKI-to-CKD transition, impaired recovery from AKI reduces tubular and glomerular filtration and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Rare manifestations of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: a case report.

Introduction: Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a type of small vessel vasculitis diseases that can cause dysfunction in multiple organs. It is characterized by general symptoms, often accompanied by nonspecific cutaneous, articular, neurological, and renal manifestations. Diagnosing cryoglobulinemia through biological testing can be time-consuming and sometimes yields negative results, making diagnosis challenging.

Prognostic value of complement serum C3 level and glomerular C3 deposits in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.

Background And Objectives: Activation of the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease. Glomerular deposits of complement 3 (C3) are often detected on kidney biopsies. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of the serum C3 level and the presence of C3 glomerular deposits in patients with anti-GBM disease.

The Role of Gut-Derived, Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in the Cardiovascular Complications of Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent disease encountered in the hospital, with a higher incidence in intensive care units. Despite progress in renal replacement therapy, AKI is still associated with early and late complications, especially cardiovascular events and mortality. The role of gut-derived protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) in vascular and cardiac dysfunction has been extensively studied during chronic kidney disease (CKD), in particular, that of indoxyl sulfate (IS), para-cresyl sulfate (PCS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), resulting in both experimental and clinical evidence.

Evaluation of Changes Over Time in the Drug Burden and Medication Regimen Complexity in ESRD Patients Before and After Renal Transplantation.

Background: Medication regimen complexity (MRC) has not been characterized in detail in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of the present study was to quantify changes over time in the prescription drug burden and MRC in patients with ESRD (before transplantation, on discharge after kidney transplantation [M0], and 4 months [M4] and 12 months [M12] afterward).

Methods: We retrospectively studied adult patients having undergone kidney transplantation.

Two rapid, accurate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods for the quantification of seven uremic toxins: An application for describing their accumulation kinetic profile in a context of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent, serious complication in critically ill patients. Even if renal replacement therapy is rapidly initiated, AKI may lead to the acute accumulation of metabolic waste products called uremic toxins (UTs). Although the accumulation and effects of UTs have been extensively described in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD), few data are available for AKI.

Severe Infection in Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease: A Retrospective Multicenter French Study.

In patients presenting with anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease with advanced isolated kidney involvement, the benefit of intensive therapy remains controversial due to adverse events, particularly infection. We aim to describe the burden of severe infections (SI) (requiring hospitalization or intravenous antibiotics) and identify predictive factors of SI in a large cohort of patients with anti-GBM disease. Among the 201 patients (median [IQR] age, 53 [30-71] years) included, 74 had pulmonary involvement and 127 isolated glomerulonephritis.

Clinical study to assess the efficacy and safety of a citrus polyphenolic extract of red orange, grapefruit, and orange (Sinetrol-XPur) on weight management and metabolic parameters in healthy overweight individuals.

The present study investigated the efficacy and safety effects of Sinetrol-XPur (polyphenolic citrus dry extract) in weight management; metabolic parameters; and inflammatory, glycemic and oxidative status. In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Sinetrol-XPur was given to overweight subjects twice daily with meals in the tested group (N = 47) versus a placebo group (N = 48). Waist and hip circumference and abdominal fat were decreased in the Sinetrol-XPur group as compared with the placebo group (p < 0.

GliSODin, a vegetal sod with gliadin, as preventative agent vs. atherosclerosis, as confirmed with carotid ultrasound-B imaging.

Prevention of cardiovascular disease should target high-risk subjects based on genetic/familial factors, blood chemistry, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and a history of/or current cigarette smoking. We selected active adults (n=76) aged 30-60 and investigated these risk factors, in order to recommend preventive measures. Another interesting variable is the preclinical status or atheroma of the arterial (carotid) wall or lumen.

Off-diagonal Mueller matrix elements in backscattering from highly diffusive media.

Measurements of a reduced Mueller matrix in backscattering from highly diffusive, dielectric samples are reported as a function of the angle of incidence. It was found that the off-diagonal terms depend greatly on the angle of incidence, increasing to a maximum near grazing incidence. We show that, despite a significant scattering originating in the bulk of such diffusive media, the nontrivial behavior of the off-diagonal Muller matrix is primarily due to surface scattering phenomena.

The effect of naftidrofuryl on transcutaneous oxygen tension during a treadmill test in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Tissue hypoxaemia can be evaluated by the noninvasive method of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpO2) measurement in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The effects of naftidrofuryl (Praxilene) on exercise-induced tissue ischaemia was objectively assessed by continuously measuring the tcpO2 in 30 patients during three treadmill tests over a 3-month period in a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study. To be included in the study, the tcpO2 and total walking distance had to be stable during the washout period (D-15-D0).

TcPo2 measurement reproducibility during stress in stage II obliterative arterial disease.

Distal transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement (TcPo2) is a noninvasive method of evaluating tissular hypoxemia in peripheral arterial disease. The poststress area of hypoxemia is a usefull technique for globally quantifying different parameters represented by TcPo2 curves during exercise. Although its use is increasingly widespread, the reproducibility of this method is poorly documented.

Short-term evaluation of plaque area measurement reproducibility from computer-assisted sonography.

One reason why quantifying plaque regression is difficult is the poor spatial control of the shooting angle whether in angiography or ultrasonography techniques. A computer-assisted technique has been developed to assess absolute carotid plaque dimensions from B-mode ultrasonography, with enhanced capability of comparative examinations at large time intervals. Plaque area is measured from arterial lumen to adventitia with a real-time tissular detection program.

Study of the antiischemic action of EGb 761 in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease by TcPo2 determination.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study of 20 patients, the antiischemic effect of EGb 761 (Ginkgo biloba Extract) was studied by measuring the transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPo2) during exercise. Transcutaneous oximetry during exercise provides a good, noninvasive estimation of local arterial perfusion and constitutes a real index of local and regional capillary perfusion. Twenty patients between the ages of forty-four and seventy-three years suffering from claudicating atherosclerotic arterial occlusive disease in stage II according to the Leriche and Fontaine classification, diagnosed for more than a year and stable for three months, were included.

Evaluation of ifenprodil efficacy on exercise-induced tissue ischemia in stage II arteriopathy by measurement of transcutaneous oxygen tension during a standard treadmill test: double-blind study of injectable ifenprodil versus placebo.

Measurement of transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) is a noninvasive and easily reproducible method for objectifying and quantifying exercise ischemia in patients with stage II occlusive arterial disease. This technique is also used at rest to evaluate the therapeutic effect of vasoactive treatments. To objectively assess the effectiveness of a vasoactive treatment on the conditions of tissue perfusion, a randomized double-blind study of ifenprodil tartrate versus placebo was performed in 20 patients, whose TcPO2 was continuously measured while they walked on a treadmill.

[Venous endoscopy].

The miniaturization of endoscopic equipment now allows exploring the superficial venous system and visualizing the endovein in situ and in vivo. This type of venous endoscopy is an ambulatory procedure, performed during a simple outpatient consultation of angiology, after which the patient is immediately discharged. Although this examination is invasive, non-physiological and expensive, it allows the video recording of the morphology, dynamics and kinetics of the values, of the endovein and of the liquid flows (blood, washing fluid and sclerosing products).

Objectifying exercise ischemia in peripheral vascular disease: a study in 120 patients.

This study presents the results of transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) monitoring during a treadmill test walk performed in the early stages of peripheral obliterative vascular disease. The study population consisted of a first group of 50 known arteriopathic patients presenting, on questioning, with intermittent claudication; a second group of 50 known arteriopathic patients void of any symptoms of intermittent claudication; and a third group, which was a control cohort of 20 nonarteriopathic, nonclaudicating patients. Though resting TcPO2 cannot be used to aid the clinical diagnosis of exercise ischemia it may be useful in revealing asymptomatic chronic resting ischemia (9% of cases in this series).

[Hormones and venous system].

Sex hormones have an effect on venous "content" and "container" according to their chemical nature, their dosage and their mode of administration: 17 beta-estradiol (endogenous): protective effect; synthetic estrogens, at normal or low doses: thrombogenic; oral natural estrogens: thrombogenic; extra-digestive natural estrogens: non thrombogenic; non steroid progestagens (androgenic): thrombogenic; non androgenic progestagens: non thrombogenic. Clinically, the venous disease si characterized by sudden episodes occurring at key-periods of the hormonal life: puberty, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives intake, substitute treatments of menopause, premenstrual syndrome. Evaluation of these different situations shows that an early treatment is possible and needed, which, although not providing a new venous wall for these constitutionally fragile patients, may act effectively at two levels: 1) correction of the haemodynamic disorder (venous reflux in the saphenous arches and the perforators; 2) resorption of tissue infiltration.

[Modification of the level of adenosine triphosphate in digital pulp capillary blood in patients with microcirculatory disorders following i.v. injection of coenzyme A (CoA 1000)].

Capillary blood ATP assay was performed in 2 groups of patients (diabetic and non-diabetic) with disorders of microcirculation, before and several minutes after 2 mg I.V. of Coenzyme A (CoA 1000).