Remodeling and Characterization Analysis of Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia.

To investigate corticospinal tract (CST) injury and remodeling in patients with basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and explore the characterization capabilities of the corresponding parameters. In this prospective study, baseline, scale, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were collected from patient cohorts. Participants were stratified into favorable (0-3 points) and unfavorable (4-6 points) prognosis groups, based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3-6 months.

Oral administration of lysozyme protects against injury of ileum via modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis after severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The current study sought to clarify the role of lysozyme-regulated gut microbiota and explored the potential therapeutic effects of lysozyme on ileum injury induced by severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and bacterial pneumonia and experiments.

Methods: Male 6-8-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Normal group (N), Sham group (S), sTBI group (T), sTBI + or Lysozyme-treated group (L), Normal + Lysozyme group (NL) and Sham group + Lysozyme group (SL). At the day 7 after establishment of the model, mice were anesthetized and the samples were collected.

Independent risk factors for in-hospital outcome of myasthenic crisis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a life-threatening condition for myasthenia gravis (MG). Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) efficaciously treat patients with MC. However, not every MC responds well to rescue therapies, and the determinants for outcome with the evidence from prospective cohorts are still lacking.

Corticospinal-specific Shh overexpression in combination with rehabilitation promotes CST axonal sprouting and skilled motor functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke often leads to permanent neurological impairments, largely due to limited neuroplasticity in adult central nervous system. Here, we first showed that the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) in corticospinal neurons (CSNs) peaked at the 2nd postnatal week, when corticospinal synaptogenesis occurs. Overexpression of Shh in adult CSNs did not affect motor functions and had borderline effects on promoting the recovery of skilled locomotion following ischemic stroke.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Bacterial Pneumonia in Neurosurgical Emergency Center Patients: A Retrospective Study Spanning 13 Years at a Tertiary Center.

Patients with brain injuries are at a heightened susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia, and the timely initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment has been shown to substantially reduce mortality rates. Nevertheless, there is a need for knowledge regarding the resistance and prevalence of pulmonary bacterial infections in this patient population. To address this gap, a retrospective study was conducted at a neurosurgical emergency center, focusing on patients with brain injuries.

Perioperative risk factors associated with unplanned neurological intensive care unit readmission following elective supratentorial brain tumor resection.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and procedural risk factors associated with the unplanned neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) readmission of patients after elective supratentorial brain tumor resection and serves as an exploratory analysis toward the development of a risk stratification tool that may be prospectively applied to this patient population.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study. The electronic medical records of patients admitted to an institutional NICU between September 2018 and November 2021 after elective supratentorial brain tumor resection were reviewed.

Characteristics and therapeutic profile of TBI patients who underwent bilateral decompressive craniectomy: experience with 151 cases.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring are common approaches to reduce the death rate of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, but the outcomes of these patients are unfavorable, particularly those who receive bilateral DC. The authors discuss their experience using ICP and other potential methods to improve the outcomes of TBI patients who receive bilateral DC.

Methods: Data from TBI patients receiving bilateral DC from Jan.

Perioperative Risk Factors Associated with Unplanned Neurological Intensive Care Unit Events Following Elective Infratentorial Brain Tumor Resection.

Background: Our aim of this study was to identify risk factors and develop a prediction model for unplanned neurological intensive care unit (NICU) events after elective infratentorial brain tumor resection in order to propose an individualized admission to the NICU tailored to patient needs.

Methods: Patients admitted to our NICU between September 2018 and May 2021 after elective infratentorial brain tumor resection were reviewed. Prolonged NICU stays and unplanned NICU admissions were defined as unplanned NICU events.

Geniposide ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression-like behavior through inhibition of ceramide-PP2A signaling via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β axis.

Background: Depression is a severe mental disorder. Unfortunately, more than half of patients with major depression disorder cannot achieve remission after initial treatment with an antidepressant. Geniposide, a bioactive iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors in mice.

Comparison of the effects of albumin and crystalloid on mortality among patients with septic shock: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects on mortality of albumin and crystalloid, used for fluid resuscitation among adult patients with septic shock, through conducting a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Design And Setting: Meta-analysis and TSA conducted at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Methods: Data were collected from several major databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Clinical Trials.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced rat acute lung injury via suppressing the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe sepsis remains a major challenge in intensive care medicine. ACE2 has been shown to protect against lung injury. However, the mechanisms of its protective effects on ARDS are largely unknown.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK/NF-κB pathways.

ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) have important roles in preventing acute lung injury. However, it is not clear whether upregulation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis prevents LPS-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) by inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-κB pathways. Primary cultured rat PMVECs were transduced with lentiviral-borne Ace2 or shRNA-Ace2, and then treated or not with Mas receptor blocker (A779) before exposure to LPS.

Tetranectin knockout mice develop features of Parkinson disease.

Background/aims: Aggregation of insoluble α-synuclein to form Lewy bodies (LBs) may contribute to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease (PD). Lack of robust animal models has impeded elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of LB formation and other critical aspects of PD pathogenesis.

Methods: We established a mouse model with targeted deletion of the plasminogen-binding protein tetranectin (TN) gene (TN(-/-)) and measured the behavioral and histopathological features of PD.

Validating the incidence of coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury--analysis of 242 cases.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to investigate its relationship to patient outcome.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Measurements And Main Results: From January 2007 to June 2009, 242 consecutive adult patients with TBI seen in three independent hospitals were recruited.

[Expression study of DNA translesion synthesis genes in human primary glioma].

Objective: To detect the expressions of Rev1, Pol zeta, Pol eta, Pol iota and Pol kappa mRNA in human primary glioma tissues, and to analyze the relationship between the expression and the pathological grade.

Methods: We applied SYBR Green real-time PCR to investigate the mRNA expressions of the 6 genes in 85 primary glioma tissues and 14 normal brain tissues.

Results: The expressions of 4 genes including Rev3, Rev7, Pol eta and Pol iota were significantly (P < 0.

REV3L confers chemoresistance to cisplatin in human gliomas: the potential of its RNAi for synergistic therapy.

The REV3L gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of human polymerase zeta, plays a significant role in the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and chemoresistance of certain tumors. However, the role of REV3L in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of the REV3L gene in 10 normal brain specimens and 30 human glioma specimens and examined the value of REV3L as a potential modulator of cellular response to various DNA-damaging agents.