Diagnosis of pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complemented by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report.

Background: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with variable clinical manifestations. Pulmonary diffuse hemorrhagic leptospirosis often occurs rapidly and, when not promptly diagnosed and treated, it can be life-threatening. is an opportunistic fungus that is commonly seen in immunosuppressed patients.

TNF-α and HMGB1: New Biomarkers of Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

Objective: Inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, the role of inflammatory mediator activation in the development of pulmonary embolism remains elusive. Here, we determined the reliability of the plasma levels of inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high mobility histone 1 (HMGB1) as diagnostic biomarkers of PE.

Eosinophilic biomarkers for detection of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with or without pulmonary embolism.

Eosinophilia has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, the role of eosinophil activation in the development of AECOPD remains unclear. In the present study, the reliability of plasma levels of eosinophil activation markers, including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), were measured and used as diagnostic biomarkers of AECOPD with or without pulmonary embolism (PE).