Research status and prospect of ratoon rice in China under mechanically harvested condition.

The proportion and area of ratoon rice planting in China have been substantially increased, due to continuous improvement of rice breeding methods and consecutive innovation of cultivation technology, which has developed into one of rice planting modes with significant production efficiency. Combining the experience in research and practice, from the perspective of crop physiology and ecology, we reviewed the current situation and prospects of high-yielding formation and physiological mechanisms of ratoon rice. We focused on four key aspects: screening and breeding of ratoon rice cultivars and the classification; suitable stubble height for mechanically harvested ratoon rice, as well as water and fertilizer management; dry matter production and allocation in ratoon rice and the relationship with yield formation; regenerative activity and vigor of ratoon rice roots and their relationship with rhizosphere micro-ecological characteristics.

Nitrate deficiency decreased photosynthesis and oxidation-reduction processes, but increased cellular transport, lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid metabolism revealed by RNA-Seq in Oryza sativa leaves.

Rice cultivar "Weiyou916" (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) were cultured with control (10 mM NO3-) and nitrate deficient solution (0 mM NO3-) for four weeks.

Coordination and nursing care of pediatric patients undergoing double balloon enteroscopy.

Aim: To review safety, efficacy, and proper nursing care of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients with small intestinal disease.

Methods: Our study included 37 patients with abdominal pain, diarrhea, passage of blood in the stools, and other symptoms, who underwent DBE from December 2006 to July 2010. DBE was retrograde in 36 procedures, antegrade in six, and from both ends in five.

[Clinical trial of cellulose in treatment of functional constipation in children].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of cellulose for the treatment of functional constipation in children.

Methods: A prospective, self-controlled, clinical trial using cellulose was conducted for 2 weeks in 34 children with functional constipation. The constipation symptoms and the characteristics of feces after the treatment were observed.

[Application of double balloon enteroscopy in pediatric patients].

Objective: Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is already an established modality of investigation in adults though its use in children has not yet been widely practiced. This study aimed to explore the method and safety of pediatric DBE and to evaluate its clinical value and applicability in the pediatric age group.

Method: During the period from December, 2006 to October, 2009 DBE was performed on a total of 22 patients (age 4 to 16 years) at the hospital.

[cagA,vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children in Shanghai].

Objective: To investigate cagA, vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolated from children suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases in Shanghai and to explore a possible genotype-phenotype correlation.

Methods: From May 2007 to January 2008, 59 children were confirmed with Hp infection by gastroscopy.

[Forlax in the treatment of childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study].

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of polyethylene glycol 4000 (forlax) in the treatment of constipation in children over 8 years old.

Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, positive medicine (lactulose) controlled multicenter trial. A total of 216 children with constipation from 8-18 years old from 7 hospitals across China who were matched with a uniform entry criteria were enrolled in this study.

[Expression of Toll-like receptors in mononuclear cells from children with acute rotavirus diarrhea].

Objective: Rotavirus is the single most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children worldwide, but the pathogenesis and immunity against this disease are not completely understood. A prospective study was conducted to assess gene expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea.

Methods: Seventy-five children with acute rotavirus diarrhea and 38 control children were enrolled in this study from Sep.