Roles of and genes in energy metabolism of brown planthopper, .

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferases (GFATs) and phosphofructokinase (PFKs) are the principal rate-limiting enzymes involved in hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and glycolysis pathway, respectively. In this study, the and were knocked down through RNA interference (RNAi) in , the notorious brown planthopper (BPH), and the changes in energy metabolism were determined. Knockdown of either or substantially reduced gene expression related to trehalose, glucose, and glycogen metabolism pathways.

GFAT and PFK genes show contrasting regulation of chitin metabolism in Nilaparvata lugens.

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) are enzymes related to chitin metabolism. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to explore the role of these two enzyme genes in chitin metabolism. In this study, we found that GFAT and PFK were highly expressed in the wing bud of Nilaparvata lugens and were increased significantly during molting.

Regulatory Functions of GSK-3 in Energy and Chitin Metabolism.

Glucose metabolism is a biologically important metabolic process. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme located in the middle of the sugar metabolism pathway that can regulate the energy metabolism process in the body through insulin signaling. This paper mainly explores the regulatory effect of glycogen synthase kinase on the metabolism of glycogen and trehalose in the brown planthopper () by RNA interference.

Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase 3 in the Brown Planthopper, .

(Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the pests that harm rice. In this paper, a new trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene, , was identified by transcriptome sequencing and gene cloning. To explore its role in the energy metabolism of we examined the carbohydrate contents at different stages of development, the tissue expression of , and some physiological and biochemical indicators by injecting dsTPS3 and dsTPSs (a proportional mixture of dsTPS1, dsTPS2, and dsTPS3).

Role of phosphoglucomutase in regulating trehalose metabolism in .

Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, regulating both glycogen and trehalose metabolism in insects. In this study, we explored the potential function of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) using RNA interference technology in , the brown planthopper. and were found highly expressed in the midgut of brown planthoppers, with different expression levels in different instar nymphs.

Effect of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase knockdown on the expression of glycogen- and insulin-related genes in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.

Nilaparvata lugens is a serious threat to rice growth. Glycogen metabolism is one of the important physiological processes of insects, which is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP). In the present study, trehalose content was significantly reduced at 72 h after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, whereas glucose content was significantly increased at both 48 h and 72 h after GS knockdown.

Molecular Cloning and Induced Expression of Six Small Heat Shock Proteins Mediating Cold-Hardiness in (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

The main function of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) as molecular chaperones is to protect proteins from denaturation under adverse conditions. Molecular and physiological data were used to examine the sHSPs underlying cold-hardiness in . Complementary DNA sequences were obtained for six sHSPs based on its transcriptome, and the expression of the genes coding for these sHSPs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in several developmental stages, under short-term cooling or heating conditions, and in black and yellow females of experimental and overwintering populations under low-temperature storage.