Evaluation of post-surgical stability in skeletal class II patients with idiopathic condylar resorption treated with functional splint therapy.

Purpose: To assess postsurgical stability of mandibular advancement combined with orthodontic treatment, following functional splint therapy, in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR).

Patients And Methods: Sixteen patients who were treated with functional splint therapy followed by orthognathic surgery combined with orthodontic treatment between 2010 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. The primary outcome variable was skeletal stability, measured on the y-axis to point B (y-axis-B).

Growth pattern and physiological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint studied by histological analysis and static mechanical pressure loading testing.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in the articular disc, condyle, condylar fibrocartilage, and subchondral bone of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in rabbits.

Methods: Female New Zealand white rabbit aged 1, 4, 12, and 32 weeks were obtained. Each age group comprised 5 rabbits and was subjected to chondrocyte culture, histological assessment of the articular disc length, assessment of the anteroposterior diameter of the condyle, measurement of the fibrocartilage thickness, and assessment of the subchondral bone architecture.

A Retrospective Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis Caused by Multispace Infection in the Maxillofacial Region.

Purpose: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) has been the most common life-threatening complication of multispace infection (MSI) in the maxillofacial region owing to the lack of a timely diagnosis and treatment. We assessed the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of odontogenic MSI and evaluated the risk factors for DNM caused by MSI.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of inpatients with MSI in the maxillofacial region from January 2012 to October 2016.

Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis With Serious Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis.

Internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT) is a rare complication of cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) which may lead to life threat. This article reports a patient with severe CNF complicated with IJVT, and combined with the literature to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of CNF and IJVT.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gorham-Stout Disease in Maxillofacial Regions.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the clinical features, imaging examination, and treatment of the patients with Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) in maxillofacial region, so as to improve the understanding of GSD.

Methods: The medical records of the patients with GSD who were referred to Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from January 2010 to May 2016 were reviewed. Their ages, lesion location, imaging results, laboratory examination results, treatment, and therapeutic effects were analyzed.

Risk Factors Affecting the Prognosis of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis From Odontogenic Infection.

Purpose: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a serious complication of head and neck infections and has an excessively high mortality rate owing to the lack of understanding of DNM. We assessed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of odontogenic DNM and evaluated the risk factors affecting the prognosis of DNM to provide an up-to-date overview for clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, enrolling a sample of patients with DNM due to odontogenic infection who had been referred from January 2013 to December 2016.

Study on the effects of gradient mechanical pressures on the proliferation, apoptosis, chondrogenesis and hypertrophy of mandibular condylar chondrocytes in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the effects of gradient mechanical pressure on chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of markers of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy.

Methods: Mandibular condylar chondrocytes from 5 rabbits were cultured in vitro, and pressed with static pressures of 50kPa, 100kPa, 150kPa and 200kPa for 3h, respectively. The chondrocytes cultured without pressure (0kPa) were used as control.

Does condylar height decrease more in temporomandibular joint nonreducing disc displacement than reducing disc displacement?: A magnetic resonance imaging retrospective study.

The aim of the study was to compare condylar height changes of anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) quantitatively, to get a better understanding of the changes in condylar height of patients with anterior disc displacement who had received no treatment, and to provide useful information for treatment protocol. This longitudinal retrospective study enrolled 206 joints in 156 patients, which were divided into ADDWR group and ADDwoR group based on magnetic resonance imaging examination. The joints were assessed quantitatively for condylar height at initial and follow-up visits.

Will unilateral temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement in teenagers lead to asymmetry of condyle and mandible? A longitudinal study.

Purpose: To evaluate the change of morphological symmetry of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) during natural course of unilateral juvenile anterior disc displacement (UJADD) by comparing the ipsilateral joint with the contralateral side; and to analyse its effect over mandibular asymmetry (MA).

Patients And Methods: This study is a self-control longitudinal study. Consecutive UJADD cases with no history of TMJ infection, injuries to the jaws, or congenital, developmental and systematic disorders that may affect the craniofacial growth were collected and followed for at least 6 months.

Results of radiological follow-up of untreated anterior disc displacement without reduction in adolescents.

Our aim was to assess the progression of disease without treatment in adolescents with non-reducible anterior disc displacement (ADD) using serial magnetic resonance images (MRI). We retrospectively reviewed all patients under the age of 20 years who had unilateral non-reducible ADD and had had two MRI during a period of 6 months with no intervention. A total of 124 patients (101 female and 23 male) with a mean (range) age of 16 (10-20) years had 2 MRI at least 6 months apart (mean (range) 14 (6-47) months).

Multi-Space Infections in the Head and Neck: Do Underlying Systemic Diseases Have a Predictive Role in Life-Threatening Complications?

Purpose: To assess the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of life-threatening complications of multi-space infections (LCMIs) in the head and neck.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled a sample of patients with multi-space infections who were referred from February 2006 through July 2014. The patients were classified into LCMI and non-LCMI groups.

Is anterior disc displacement without reduction associated with temporomandibular joint condylar height in juvenile patients younger than 20 years?

Purpose: Because disc displacement might be accompanied by degenerative changes in the condyle, this study explored the association between condylar height and anterior disc displacement without reduction in juvenile patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled a sample of patients younger than 20 years with unilateral disc displacement without reduction. All patients had 2 magnetic resonance imaging records taken from January 2010 to June 2013 (interval, >6 months).

Changes in the temporomandibular joint space after functional treatment of disk displacement with reduction.

This study aimed to evaluate the changes of temporomandibularjoint (TMJ) space in the treatment of disk displacement with reduction (DDWR) for class II cases. Forty-two adolescent patients with unilateral DDWR, who were successfully treated by functional appliance, were selected in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used before treatment (T1), at the start of treatment (T2), and after functional treatment (T3).

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is an uncommon benign tumor-like proliferative lesion with an undetermined origin. Involvement of the temporomandibular joint is uncommon. Although pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign lesion, it can grow with an aggressive pattern, and it extends extra-articularly in most of the reported cases, about one-third of them exhibiting intracranial involvement.

Comparison of multi-space infections of the head and neck in the elderly and non-elderly people, part II: the influencing factors of the outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to identify significant predictors of 3 outcomes in the aged patients and non-elderly with multi-space infections of the head and neck: the number of incisions, the length of hospital stay, and complications.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 242 patients receiving treatment for severe multi-space infections of the head and neck region. Study variables were categorized as demographics, clinical parameters, and laboratory values.

The effects of static pressure on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in condylar chondrocytes from temporomandibular joint.

Objective: The goal of the study was to investigate the production of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), SOX9, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and periarticular cell-derived parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in mandibular condylar chondrocytes under static pressure stimuli.

Methods: Mandibular condylar chondrocytes separated from rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were treated with a static pressure of 100kPa for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4h by an in-house-designed pressure chamber. A CCK-8 kit was used to analyze the cell viability.

Is mandibular asymmetry more frequent and severe with unilateral disc displacement?

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of mandibular asymmetry (MA) within the symptomatic unilateral anterior disc displacement (ADD) patients, and analyze the influence TMJ factors of the MA severity.

Methods: Patients aged under 20 years old with symptomatic unilateral ADD and asymptomatic volunteers with normal disc-condyle relationship diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in this study. Posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken to measure MA.

Disc positions and condylar changes induced by different stretching forces in the model for anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the disc positions and condylar changes induced by different stretching forces in the modified animal model for anterior disc displacement (ADD) of the temporomandibular joint.

Methods: In the experimental group, 30 rabbits were equally divided into 3 subgroups and underwent surgical ADD via different stretching forces: group A with 0.5 N, group B with 1 N, and group C with 2 N.

Ruptured disc after arthroscopic repositioning in the temporomandibular joint: a retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study.

Our aim was to explore the incidence of rupture after arthroscopic repositioning of the disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by reviewing magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the TMJ taken before and after operation, and to investigate correlations retrospectively. We studied 247 patients with anterior disc displacement of the TMJ, and categorised them into 3 groups based on the postoperative MRI. The first group comprised those whose disc ruptured after repositioning, the second those who had a possible rupture of the disc after repositioning, and the third had no rupture of the disc after repositioning.

Complete resection and immediate reconstruction with costochondral graft for recurrent aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandibular condyle.

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a non-neoplastic expansile lesion characterized by replacement with fibro-osseous tissue and blood-filled cavernous spaces. Involvement of the condyle is rare, and only 11 cases have been reported in English-language literature to date. Its common treatment modalities are lesion excision or condylar resection, but recurrence is high in patients treated with the former.

Marsupialization facilitates eruption of dentigerous cyst-associated mandibular premolars in preadolescent patients.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the eruption of dentigerous cyst (DC)-associated mandibular premolars after marsupialization in preadolescents.

Patients And Methods: The present study was a retrospective cohort study of preadolescent patients with DCs who were treated as outpatients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. For our study, the data from these patients were collected, and the eruption of the premolar teeth, along with related factors, such as the interval to eruption, cusp depth, angulation, cyst size, and eruption space, were analyzed for the cyst group compared with the noncyst control group.

An orthodontic technique for minimally invasive extraction of impacted lower third molar.

Purpose: To present a novel orthodontic approach for minimally invasive extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (M3s) close to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN).

Patients And Methods: Eight patients (8 M3s) requiring extraction of M3s were included in this study; there were 2 cases of horizontal impaction, 4 of mesioangular impaction, and 2 of vertical impaction. Cone-beam computed tomogram showed that the roots of impacted M3s in 2 cases interrupted the cortices of the mandibular canal, and those in the other 6 cases were very close to the IAN.

Comparison of multi-space infections of the head and neck in the elderly and non-elderly: part I the descriptive data.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the difference between the aged patients and non-elderly with multi-space infections of the head and neck.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 242 patients receiving treatment for severe multi-space infections of the head and neck region. Demographics, clinical parameters (the coexisting conditions, the etiology, the length between first symptomatic onset and admission, the number of spaces affected, and the distribution of involved spaces), laboratory values (bacteriology, admission blood glucose level, admission white blood cell count, and percent of neutrophil on admission) and treatment parameters (the number of incisions, complications and length of hospital stay) were collected and analyzed for clinical significance.

Anatomic relationship between impacted third mandibular molar and the mandibular canal as the risk factor of inferior alveolar nerve injury.

Our aim was to explore the relation between the site of the mandibular canal and neurosensory impairment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. We organised a retrospective study of 537 extractions in 318 patients in which the affected tooth was intersected by the mandibular canal. This was verified by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and we analysed the relation between the site of the canal and the likelihood of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) after extraction of the third molar.

Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with articular eminence extension.

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint is a rare benign lesion that can extend to the adjacent bony tissue. Most studies in the literature reported cases of SC of the temporomandibular joint with extension to the skull base, but there has been no report of intracranial extension through the articular eminence. The current study reports on the case of SC with articular eminence extension that was treated via combined trans-zygomatic tempora and preauricular approach and acquired good effect with 44 months of follow-up.