Auditory-GAN: deep learning framework for improved auditory spatial attention detection.

Recent advances in auditory attention detection from multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) signals encounter the challenges of the scarcity of available online EEG data and the detection of auditory attention with low latency. To this end, we propose a complete deep auditory generative adversarial network auxiliary, named auditory-GAN, designed to handle these challenges while generating EEG data and executing auditory spatial detection. The proposed auditory-GAN system consists of a spectro-spatial feature extraction (SSF) module and an auditory generative adversarial network auxiliary (AD-GAN) classifier.

Regulating the Pore Structure of Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon for an Advanced Sodium-Ion Battery.

Biomass-derived hard carbon materials are attractive for sodium-ion batteries due to their abundance, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. However, their widespread use is hindered by their limited specific capacity. Herein, a type of bamboo-derived hard carbon with adjustable pore structures is developed by employing a ball milling technique to modify the carbon chain length in the precursor.

Optimizing the spatial immune landscape of CD103CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells in non-small cell lung cancer by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with immunotherapy is increasingly used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are the primary subset responding to anti-cancer immunity. However, the immunomodulatory effects of NAC on T cells remain unknown.

Spatial cell interplay networks of regulatory T cells predict recurrence in patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The interplay between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and neighboring cells, which is pivotal for anti-tumor immunity and closely linked to patient prognosis, remains to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Tissue microarrays of 261 operable NSCLC patients were stained by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assay, and the interaction between Tregs and neighboring cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated. Employing various machine learning algorithms, we developed a spatial immune signature to predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients.

Attention-guided graph structure learning network for EEG-enabled auditory attention detection.

: Decoding auditory attention from brain signals is essential for the development of neuro-steered hearing aids. This study aims to overcome the challenges of extracting discriminative feature representations from electroencephalography (EEG) signals for auditory attention detection (AAD) tasks, particularly focusing on the intrinsic relationships between different EEG channels.: We propose a novel attention-guided graph structure learning network, AGSLnet, which leverages potential relationships between EEG channels to improve AAD performance.

Dysfunction of CD8 T cells around tumor cells leads to occult lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients.

Occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) is one of the main causes of regional recurrence in inoperable N non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients following stereotactic ablation body radiotherapy (SABR) treatment. The integration of immunotherapy and SABR (I-SABR) has shown preliminary efficiency in mitigating this recurrence. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the functional dynamics of critical immune effectors, particularly CD8 T cells in the development of OLNM.

The STING-mediated antiviral effect of fucoidan from Durvillaea antarctica.

Fucoidans have attracted increasing attention due to their minimal toxicity and various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, the antiviral effect and mechanism of fucoidan (FU) derived from Durvillaea antarctica were explored in vitro. The results demonstrated that FU effectively inhibited the infection of both RNA virus (VSV) and DNA virus (HSV-1).

Spatial features of specific CD103CD8 tissue-resident memory T cell subsets define the prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells can reside in the tumor microenvironment and are considered the primary response cells to immunotherapy. Heterogeneity in functional status and spatial distribution may contribute to the controversial role of T cells but we know little about it.

Methods: Through multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) (CD8, CD103, PD-1, Tim-3, GZMB, CK), the quantity and spatial location of T cell subsets were recognized in the tissue from 274 patients with NSCLC after radical surgery.

RGCnet: An Efficient Recursive Gated Convolutional Network for EEG-based Auditory Attention Detection.

Humans are able to listen to one speaker and disregard others in a speaking crowd, referred to as the "cocktail party effect". EEG-based auditory attention detection (AAD) seeks to identify whom a listener is listening to by decoding one's EEG signals. Recent research has demonstrated that the self-attention mechanism is effective for AAD.

Shared and malignancy-specific functional plasticity of dynamic brain properties for patients with left frontal glioma.

The time-varying brain activity may parallel the disease progression of cerebral glioma. Assessment of brain dynamics would better characterize the pathological profile of glioma and the relevant functional remodeling. This study aims to investigate the dynamic properties of functional networks based on sliding-window approach for patients with left frontal glioma.

Natural recombination of the torque teno canis virus within the ORF1, -2, and -3 genes and the untranslated region.

The torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) was first reported in 2001 and it shares similarities with the known Torque teno virus (TTV) in terms of genomic organization and putative transcriptional features. It is a single-stranded DNA virus characterized by high rates of recombination and nucleotide substitution, like RNA viruses. Studies reported recombination events in torque teno virus; however, there is limited reporting of TTCaV reorganization events.

A Bio-Inspired Spiking Attentional Neural Network for Attentional Selection in the Listening Brain.

Humans show a remarkable ability in solving the cocktail party problem. Decoding auditory attention from the brain signals is a major step toward the development of bionic ears emulating human capabilities. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based auditory attention detection (AAD) has attracted considerable interest recently.

Brain Topology Modeling With EEG-Graphs for Auditory Spatial Attention Detection.

Objective: Despite recent advances, the decoding of auditory attention from brain signals remains a challenge. A key solution is the extraction of discriminative features from high-dimensional data, such as multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG). However, to our knowledge, topological relationships between individual channels have not yet been considered in any study.

Functional status and spatial architecture of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are associated with lymph node metastases in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy has been recommended for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with lymph node metastases (LNM). However, the exact functional feature and spatial architecture of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells remain unclear in these patients.

Methods: Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 279 IA-IIIB NSCLC samples were stained by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) for 11 markers (CD8, CD103, PD-1, Tim3, GZMB, CD4, Foxp3, CD31, αSMA, Hif-1α, pan-CK).

Functional Connectivity of White Matter and Its Association with Sleep Quality.

Purpose: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely adopted to investigate the neural activity in gray matter (GM) in the field of sleep research, but the neural activity in white matter (WM) has received much less attention. The current study set out to test our hypothesis that WM functional abnormality is associated with poor sleep quality.

Participants And Methods: K-means clustering analysis was performed on 78 healthy adults drawn from the Human Connectome Project dataset to extract stable WM functional networks (WM-FNs) and GM-FNs.

RNAi-mediated CrebA silencing inhibits reproduction and immunity in Locusta migratoria manilensis.

Locusta migratoria manilensis is a major agricultural pest that causes severe direct and indirect damage to several crops. Thus, to provide a theoretical foundation for pest control, the role of CrebA in the reproduction and immune regulation of L. migratoria was investigated.

Identification of Two Isoforms of Canine Tetherin in Domestic Dogs and Characterization of Their Antiviral Activity against Canine Influenza Virus.

Canine influenza virus (CIV) significantly threatens the canine population and public health. Tetherin, an innate immune factor, plays an important role in the defense against pathogen invasion and has been discovered to restrict the release of various enveloped viruses. Two isoforms of canine tetherin (tetherin-X1 and tetherin-X2) were identified in peripheral blood leukocytes of mixed-breed dogs using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

The role of spatial interplay patterns between PD-L1-positive tumor cell and T cell in recurrence of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between the spatial interaction of programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)-positive tumor cell and T cell with specific functions and the recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and optimize prognostic stratification.

Materials And Methods: This study retrospectively included 104 patients with locally advanced NSCLC who underwent radical surgery. Tissue microarrays were constructed including tumor center (TC) and invasion margin (IM), and CK/CD4/CD8/PD-L1/programmed death-1 (PD-1) was labeled using multiplex immunofluorescence to decipher the counts and spatial distribution of tumor cells and T cells.

Functional status and spatial interaction of T cell subsets driven by specific tumor microenvironment correlate with recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The anti-tumoral or pro-tumoral roles of CD4 and CD8 T cells typify the complexity of T cell subsets function in cancer. In the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the density and topology of distinct T cell phenotypes at the tumor center (TC) versus the invasive margin (IM) are largely unknown. Here, we investigated T cell subsets density and distribution within TC and IM regions in NSCLC and its impact on the prognosis.

P130cas-FAK interaction is essential for YAP-mediated radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer.

Based on the RNA-sequencing data, previous studies revealed that extracellular matrix receptor interaction and focal adhesion signaling pathways were enriched in radioresistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. As the principal members of these signaling pathways, recent studies showed that FAK controlled YAP's nuclear translocation and activation in response to mechanical activation. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.

A neuroscience-inspired spiking neural network for EEG-based auditory spatial attention detection.

Recent studies have shown that alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) enable the decoding of auditory spatial attention. Inspired by sparse coding in cortical neurons, we propose a spiking neural network model for auditory spatial attention detection. The proposed model can extract the patterns of recorded EEG of leftward and rightward attention, independently, and uses them to train the network to detect auditory spatial attention.

Identification and genetic characterization of bovine hepacivirus in China: A large scale epidemiological study.

Bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV) is a novel virus that was recently discovered in Ghana and Germany in 2015. Until now, this virus has been identified in cattle population worldwide and is classified into subtypes A-G. To fully understand the epidemic situation and genetic characteristic of BovHepV in China, a total of 612 cattle serum samples were collected from 20 farms in seven provinces and municipality in China between 2018 and 2020 and were tested for the presence of BovHepV RNA via semi-nested PCR.

Swine Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Proteins Potently Inhibit African Swine Fever Virus Replication.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes an acute, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious disease in domestic swine, leading to significant economic losses to the global porcine industry. Restriction factors of innate immunity play a critical in host antiviral action. However, function of swine restriction factors of innate immunity on ASFV has been seldomly investigated.