Publications by authors named "Cai K"

Dental enamel is a mineralized extracellular matrix, and enamel defect is a common oral disease. However, the self-repair capacity of enamel is limited due to the absence of cellular components and organic matter. Efficacy of biomimetic enamel mineralization using calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs), is an effective method to compensate for the limited self-healing ability of fully developed enamel.

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Supramolecular hydrogels emerge as a promising paradigm for sutureless wound management. However, their translation is still challenged by the insufficient mechanical robustness in the context of complex wounds in dynamic tissues. Herein, we report a tissue-adhesive supramolecular hydrogel membrane based on biocompatible precursors for dressing wounds in highly dynamic tissues, featuring robust mechanical resilience through programmable strain-adaptive entanglement among microdomains.

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Background & Aims: Autophagy plays roles in esophageal pathologies both benign and malignant. Here, we aim to define the role of autophagy in esophageal epithelial homeostasis.

Methods: We generated tamoxifen-inducible, squamous epithelial-specific Atg7 (autophagy related 7) conditional knockout mice to evaluate effects on esophageal homeostasis and response to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) using histologic and biochemical analyses.

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Noble metal nanomaterials have been widely demonstrated to possess intrinsic enzyme-like properties and have been increasingly applied in the fields of analysis and biomedicine. However, current exploration of high-activity noble metal nanozymes is still far from adequate. The construction of hollow structures and adjustment of their elemental composition are effective ways to improve the specific activity (SA) of nanozymes.

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Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. A dramatic decrease in estrogen levels in postmenopausal women leads to osteoclast overactivation, impaired bone homeostasis, and subsequent bone loss. Changes in the gut microbiome affect bone mineral density.

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Purpose: To derive an analytic expression for the steady-state Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Z-spectra of a two-pool proton-exchanging system, facilitating simulations and expedited fitting of steady-state Z-spectra.

Method: The analytical expression is derived by directly solving the set of Bloch-McConnell differential equations in matrix form for a two-pool exchanging system, determining water magnetization under steady-state saturation across the entire Z-spectrum. The analytic solution is compared and validated against the numerical solution of Bloch-McConnell equations under prolonged saturation.

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P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) often leads to the failure of antitumor chemotherapy, and codelivery of chemodrug with P-gp siRNA (siP-gp) represents a promising approach for treating chemoresistant tumors. To maximize the antitumor efficacy, it is desired that the chemodrug be latently released upon completion of siP-gp-mediated gene silencing, which however, largely remains an unmet demand. Herein, core-shell nanocomplexes (NCs) are developed to overcome MDR via staged liberation of siP-gp and chemodrug (doxorubicin, Dox) in hierarchical response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration gradients.

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Untethered capsules hold clinical potential for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Although considerable progress has been achieved recently in this field, the constraints imposed by the narrow spatial structure of the capsule and complex gastrointestinal tract environment cause many open-ended problems, such as poor active motion and limited medical functions. In this work, we describe the development of small-scale magnetically driven capsules with a distinct magnetic soft valve made of dual-layer ferromagnetic soft composite films.

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Article Synopsis
  • Scrotal enlargement can stem from various causes like tumors, inflammation, and hernias; however, a rare case involved a tumor in the greater omentum extending into the scrotum through an inguinal hernia.
  • A 25-year-old male experienced scrotal enlargement and pain for three months, leading to a diagnosis of a benign fibroma of the greater omentum along with an indirect inguinal hernia after surgical exploration.
  • This case emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluations, including history, physical exams, and imaging, before deciding on surgical interventions.
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Hypothyroidism is commonly detected in patients with medulloblastoma (MB). A possible link between thyroid hormone (TH) signaling and MB pathogenicity has not been reported. Here, we find that TH plays a critical role in promoting tumor cell differentiation.

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Despite the notable achievements of programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies in treating various cancers, the overall efficacy remains limited in the majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Metabolism reprogramming of tumors inhibits the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, leading to down-regulation of fumarate hydratase (FH), which is related to poor prognosis in CRC patients. By establishing a tumor-bearing mouse model of CRC with Fh1 expression deficiency, we confirmed that the therapeutic effect of PD-1 antibodies alone was suboptimal in mice with low Fh1 expression, which was improved by combination with a protein invertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor.

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Viral clearance steps are routinely included in monoclonal antibody purification processes to safeguard product from potential virus contamination. These steps are often experimentally studied using product-specific feeds and parameters for each project to demonstrate viral clearance capability. However, published evidence suggests that viral clearance capability of many of these steps are not significantly impacted by variations in feed material or process parameter within commonly used ranges.

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Article Synopsis
  • Captive vs. Wild Panda Behavior
  • : The study examines how behaviors in captive giant pandas can become maladaptive, potentially leading to stress and negative emotional states, compared to their wild counterparts.
  • Genetic Analysis
  • : Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 39 pandas (11 captive and 28 wild) to identify key differences; it revealed patterns of genetic selection indicating that captive pandas exhibit reduced genomic diversity primarily in nerve-related genetic pathways.
  • Chromatin Structure Correlation
  • : The research demonstrated a correlation between genetic diversity in captive pandas and their chromatin conformation, suggesting structural genomic changes may be influencing gene expression related to their adapted behaviors in captivity.
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Obesity is a major global health concern because of its strong association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, brain insulin resistance in obesity is likely to lead to neuroplasticity deficits. Since the evidence shows that insulin resistance in brain regions abundant in insulin receptors significantly alters mitochondrial efficiency and function, strategies targeting the mitochondrial quality control system may be of therapeutic and practical value in obesity-induced cognitive decline.

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Introduction: It was common for brands to use different numbers of endorsers in marketing practice. Nevertheless, research on brand endorsers' quantity has not yielded a uniform consensus. The previous research about brand endorsers mainly focuses on the appeal of endorsement, brand category, and endorser characteristics, paying less attention to the impact of cultural factors, particularly self-construal.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable carcinogens that are widely distributed in the environment and food, and humans are exposed to PAHs primarily through the respiratory tracts, dermal contact, and dietary intake. Meat products are an essential part of the human diet, and the formation of PAHs during meat processing is unavoidable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of PAHs in meat products can be a contribution to the minimization of human exposure dose.

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Background: Previous research has demonstrated that early weight gain in family-based treatment (FBT) is predictive of remission for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, no published data has addressed if early weight gain is also predictive of reaching weight restoration (i.e.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers critical insights into the retinal vascular system, yet its full potential is hindered by challenges in precise image segmentation. Current methodologies struggle with imaging artifacts and clarity issues, particularly under low-light conditions and when using various high-speed CMOS sensors. These challenges are particularly pronounced when diagnosing and classifying diseases such as branch vein occlusion (BVO).

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Purpose: Early evaluation of β-cell dysfunction of hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults would be valuable for timely prevention of the diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate functional changes in the pancreas using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and determine whether it could be used as a non-invasive method of assessing β-cell dysfunction.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2022 to November 2022 in Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadliest cancers worldwide. Lipid homeostasis is essential for tumour development because lipid metabolism is one of the most important metabolic reprogramming pathways within tumours. Elucidating the mechanism of lipid homeostasis in GC might significantly improve treatment strategies and patient prognosis.

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Background: Esophageal cancer (EC), a common and fatal disease, includes two histological subtypes; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ECA). To aid policymakers in the allocation of resources for the prevention and treatment of EC, updated data on EC deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) are necessary. The objective of this study was to identify trends in EC associated with high BMI between 1990 and 2019 using 2019 Global Burden of Disease data.

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Spin-based memory technology is now available as embedded magnetic random access memory (eMRAM) for fast, high-density and non-volatile memory products, which can significantly boost computing performance and ignite the development of new computing architectures.

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Purpose: Current eating disorder treatment approaches for youth were developed for use with cisgender girls, which limits the understanding of effectiveness for cisgender boys and transgender and gender expansive (TGE) youth. Here, we compare treatment outcomes for cisgender boys and TGE youth with cisgender girls receiving family-based treatment for an eating disorder.

Methods: Patients were aged 6-24 and either active in treatment or discharged from September 1, 2020, to November 1, 2022 (N = 1,235).

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Umami peptides are valuable taste substances due to their exceptional taste and beneficial properties. In this study, purification of fermented goose bone broth was performed using continuous chromatography and sensory analysis, and after identification through nano-LC-MS/MS, four umami peptides were screened out by umami activity prediction and molecular docking, which are VGYDAE, GATGRDGAR, GETGEAGER, and GETGEAGERG derived from collagen. Sensory analysis indicated that they were also umami-enhancing, with thresholds ranging from 0.

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In the case of a large bone defect, the human endogenous electrical field is no longer sufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to support structural electrical bone scaffolds. Barium titanate (BT) has received much attention in bone tissue engineering applications due to its biocompatibility and ability to maintain charged surfaces.

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