Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 variants in Shanghai after ending the zero-COVID policy in December 2022: a clinical and genomic analysis.

Introduction: An unprecedented surge of Omicron infections appeared nationwide in China in December 2022 after the adjustment of the COVID-19 response policy. Here, we report the clinical and genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children in Shanghai during this outbreak.

Methods: A total of 64 children with symptomatic COVID-19 were enrolled.

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces inflammation and EMT of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts through the upregulation of GADD45A.

Lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts poorly express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and the study aimed to investigate the role of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in two lung cell lines and to understand the potential mechanism. Lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and fibroblasts (MRC-5) were treated with the spike protein, then inflammatory and EMT phenotypes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Transwell, and western blot assays. RNA-sequence and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify dysregulated genes.

Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in Shanghai, China: A Test-Negative Design Study.

Objective: To evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, RV5) among young children in Shanghai, China, via a test-negative design study.

Study Design: We consecutively recruited children visiting a tertiary children's hospital for acute diarrhea from November 2021 to February 2022. Information on clinical data and rotavirus vaccination was collected.

Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric Omicron infection during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection during March-May in 2022 in Shanghai, China.

This study aims to understand the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric population during the outbreak of the Omicron variant in Shanghai. We retrospectively analysed the population-based epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in children in Minhang District, Shanghai, based on the citywide surveillance system during the outbreak period in 2022 (March to May). During this time, a total of 63,969 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were notified in Minhang District, out of which 4,652 (7.

Domination of an emerging erythromycin-resistant ptxP3 Bordetella pertussis clone in Shanghai, China.

The number of cases of pertussis has been increasing since 2014 in China, with high prevalence of macrolide resistance in ptxP1 isolates and low prevalence in ptxP3 isolates. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the B. pertussis population from paediatric patients and household contacts in Shanghai between 2018 and 2022.

Pneumonia in Children During the 2019 Outbreak in Xiamen, China.

Background: To understand the regional epidemiology and clinical characteristics of adenovirus pneumonia in hospitalized children during the 2019 outbreak of respiratory adenoviruses in China.

Methods: We analyzed the epidemiologic trend of adenovirus in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections in Xiamen in 2019. Adenovirus was identified using direct fluorescent antibody detection.

Comparison of Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.

To understand the epidemiological and clinical features of the symptomatic and asymptomatic pediatric cases of COVID-19, we carried out a prospective study in Shanghai during the period of January 19 to April 30, 2020. A total of 49 children (mean age 11.5 ± 5.

Non-polio enterovirus infections in children with central nervous system disorders in Shanghai, 2016-2018: Serotypes and clinical characteristics.

Background: Non-polio enrerovirus causes a wide spectrum of neurologic syndromes. The epidemiological and clinical profiles of non-polio enrerovirus-associated central nervous system infections vary by regions and over year.

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the prevalence, serotypes and clinical characteristics of enterovirus-associated aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and meningo-encephalitis in children in Shanghai during 2016-2018.

Dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and neutralizing antibody in children with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and quickly spread globally. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of viral shedding from different sites and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response during the acute and convalescent phases of nine children with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in their nasopharyngeal swabs (9/9, 100%), stool samples (8/9, 89%), and oropharyngeal swabs (3/9, 33%) but was not detected in their serum and urine samples.

A Case Series of Children With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Clinical and Epidemiological Features.

We first described the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in 10 children occurring in areas other than Wuhan. The coronavirus diseases in children are usually mild and epidemiological exposure is a key clue to recognize pediatric case. Prolonged virus shedding is observed in respiratory tract and feces at the convalescent stage.

Norovirus Activity and Genotypes in Sporadic Acute Diarrhea in Children in Shanghai During 2014-2018.

Background: Based on the impact public health of norovirus and the current progress in norovirus vaccine development, it is necessary to continuously monitor the epidemiology of norovirus infection, especially in children who are more susceptible to norovirus.

Objectives: To monitor the activity and genotypes of norovirus infection in sporadic diarrhea in Shanghainese children during 2014-2018.

Study Design: Acute diarrheal cases were prospectively enrolled in the outpatient setting.

Identification and Characterization of Fluoroquinolone Non-susceptible Clones Harboring Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance in Shanghai, China.

, also known as group A (GAS), is one of the top 10 infectious causes of death worldwide. Macrolide and tetracycline resistant GAS has emerged as a major health concern in China coinciding with an ongoing scarlet fever epidemic. Furthermore, increasing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) non-susceptibility within GAS from geographical regions outside of China has also been reported.

Epidemiological surveillance of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanghai in 2014-2016, prior to the introduction of the enterovirus 71 vaccine.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is mainly epidemic in China and Southeast Asian countries. A novel enterovirus 71 vaccine has been available in China for preventing severe HFMD since 2016. Knowledge of the dynamic epidemiology of HFMD in different regions is necessary for appropriate intervention strategies.

A Hospital-based Case-control Study of Diarrhea in Children in Shanghai.

Background: Prevention and control of childhood diarrhea is a global priority. We conducted a case-control study of childhood diarrhea in Shanghai.

Methods: We prospectively recruited diarrheal children in an outpatient setting.

Enterovirus 71 infection in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shanghai, China: epidemiology, clinical feature and diagnosis.

Background: In 2012 a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) widely spread over China, causing more than 2 million cases and 567 deaths. Our purpose was to characterize the major pathogens responsible for the 2012 HFMD outbreak and analyze the genetic characterization of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains in Shanghai; also, to analyze the dynamic patterns of neutralizing antibody (NAb) against EV71 and evaluate the diagnostic value of several methods for clinical detection of EV71.

Methods: Clinical samples including stool, serum and CSF were collected from 396 enrolled HFMD inpatients during the peak seasons in 2012.

[Socio-economic impact of influenza in children:a single-centered hospital study in Shanghai].

Objective: To monitor the epidemic pattern of influenza in children during the 2011-2012 season in Shanghai and to evaluate the socioeconomic burden of influenza in children.

Methods: We carried out a prospective surveillance program on influenza among children who visiting the outpatient clinic for influenza-like illness (ILI) between June 2011 and May 2012. Respiratory samples as well as related demographic and clinical data were obtained from the enrolled cases.

[Surveillance of norovirus-associated diarrhea in children in Shanghai, 2009-2011].

Objective: To monitor the epidemiology of norovirus infection in diarrheal children in Shanghai between 2009 and 2011 and characterize the genotypes of norovirus strains.

Method: The stool samples were collected from children visiting outpatient clinic for acute non-dysenteric diarrhea between 2009 and 2011.One step real-time RT-PCR was used for screening norovirus genogroups GI and GII.

[Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of the novel influenza A (H1N1) infection in children in Shanghai].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological features, genetic drift in the epitopes of hemagglutinin (HA) of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus and oseltamivir-resistant variants characterized by H275Y and N295S mutations in children in Shanghai since the outbreak.

Method: Between June 2009 and May 2012, a prospective surveillance study was carried out in Shanghainese children who attended the outpatient clinic of Children's Hospital of Fudan University for influenza-like illness. One-step real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect seasonal influenza A and influenza B virus and the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in the respiratory samples.

Childhood influenza in the outpatient setting in Shanghai, China.

Background: Influenza is a common cause of outpatient visits in childhood. Influenza vaccine has been widely used for children ≥ 6 months of age in developed countries based on accumulating evidence on the substantial socioeconomic burden of influenza in children. However, the data of childhood influenza in China are scarce.