How Do Standing Neutral, Supine Lateral, Standing Flexion, and Standing Extension Radiographs Compare in Detecting the Presence and Magnitude of Stable and Dynamic Spondylolisthesis?

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend standing radiographs as the most appropriate imaging for detecting degenerative spondylolisthesis, although reliable evidence about the standing position is absent. To our knowledge, no studies have compared different radiographic views and pairings to detect the presence and magnitude of stable and dynamic spondylolisthesis.

Questions/purposes: (1) What is the percentage of new patients presenting with back or leg pain with stable (3 mm or greater listhesis on standing radiographs) and dynamic (3 mm or greater listhesis difference on standing-supine radiographs) spondylolisthesis? (2) What is the difference in the magnitude of spondylolisthesis between standing and supine radiographs? (3) What is the difference in the magnitude of dynamic translation among flexion-extension, standing-supine, and flexion-supine radiographic pairs?

Methods: This cross-sectional, diagnostic study was performed at an urban, academic institution between September 2010 and July 2016; 579 patients 40 years or older received a standard radiographic three-view series (standing AP, standing lateral, and supine lateral radiographs) at a new patient visit.

Estimating prevalence of early Alzheimer's disease in the United States, accounting for racial and ethnic diversity.

Introduction: Updated estimates of the US Alzheimer's disease (AD) population, including under-represented populations, are needed to improve clinical trial diversity.

Methods: A step-wise approach calculating prevalent numbers from clinical syndrome to biomarker-positive mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD and mild AD was developed, using age-and-race/ethnicity-stratified data where available.

Results: The estimated percentage of Americans aged ≥ 65 years with MCI due to AD was 9.

Severity Distribution of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Studies providing Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence data have largely neglected to characterize the proportion of AD that is mild, moderate, or severe. Estimates of the severity distribution along the AD continuum, including the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, are important to plan research and allocate future resources, particularly resources targeted at particular stages of disease.

Objective: To characterize the distribution of severity of AD dementia and MCI among prevalent cases in the population-based Framingham Heart Study.

The incidence of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and data synthesis.

Introduction: Incidence estimates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) range widely. We obtained contemporary age-specific MCI incidence rates and examined sources of heterogeneity.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of population-based studies from the Americas, Europe, and Australia using restrictive inclusion criteria to limit heterogeneity.

Patterns of late-life depressive symptoms and subsequent declines in cognitive domains.

Background: Depression frequently co-occurs with cognitive decline, but the nature of this association is unclear. We examined relations of late-life depressive symptom patterns to subsequent domain-specific cognitive changes.

Methods: Depressive symptoms were measured at up to 3 timepoints among 11,675 Nurses' Health Study participants prior to cognitive testing.