Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder: From the pathophysiologic perspective to the treatment.

Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder (ISWRD) is an intrinsic circadian rhythm disorder caused by loss of the brain's circadian regulation, through changes of the input and/or output to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), or of the SCN itself. Although there are limited prevalence data for this rare disease, ISWRD is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including the Alzheimer disease (AD) and the Parkinson disease (PD), which will become increasingly prevalent in an aging population. It additionally presents in childhood developmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Metasurface-Coated Liquid Microlens for Super Resolution Imaging.

Inspired by metasurfaces' control over light fields, this study created a liquid microlens coated with a layer of Au@TiO, Core-Shell nanospheres. Utilizing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au@TiO, Core-Shell nanospheres, and the formation of photonic nanojets (PNJs), this study aimed to extend the imaging system's cutoff frequency, improve microlens focusing, enhance the capture capability of evanescent waves, and utilize nanospheres to improve the conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves, thus boosting the liquid microlens's super-resolution capabilities. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method analyzed the impact of parameters including nanosphere size, microlens sample contact width, and droplet's initial contact angle on super-resolution imaging.

Bridging animal models and humans: neuroimaging as intermediate phenotypes linking genetic or stress factors to anhedonia.

Background: Intermediate phenotypes, such as characteristic neuroimaging patterns, offer unique insights into the genetic and stress-related underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. This study aimed to identify neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes associated with depression, bridging etiological factors to behavioral manifestations and connecting insights from animal models to diverse clinical populations.

Methods: We analyzed datasets from both rodents and humans.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of oleuropein in human keratinocytes characterized by bottom-up proteomics.

Oleuropein is a phenolic compound commonly found in cosmetic ingredients including olive leaves and jasmine flowers with various skin-beneficial effects. Here, we evaluated oleuropein's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in human skin cells. In a cell-based inflammasome model with human monocytes (THP-1 cells), oleuropein (12-200 µM) reduced proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 by 38.

IFN-γ reprograms cardiac microvascular endothelial cells to mediate doxorubicin transport and influences the sensitivity of mice to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a first-line chemotherapy agent known for its cardiac toxicity. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) severely limits the use for treating malignant tumors and is associated with a poor prognosis. The sensitivity to DIC varies among patients, but the precise mechanisms remain elusive.

Enhancing photon-counting computed tomography reconstruction via subspace dictionary learning and spatial sparsity regularization.

Background: Photon-counting computed tomography (CT) is an advanced imaging technique that enables multi-energy imaging from a single scan. However, the limited photon count assigned to narrow energy bins leads to increased quantum noise in the reconstructed spectral images. To address this issue, leveraging the prior information in the spectral images is essential.

Comparative Studies on Bulky DNA Damage Binding by Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins Using Surface Plasmon Resonance, Differential Scanning Fluorometry, and DNase I Footprinting.

Nucleotide excision repair is a crucial cellular mechanism that ensures genomic stability, thereby preventing mutations that can lead to cancer. The human XPC and its yeast ortholog Rad4 protein complexes are central to this process and were the focus of the study. We used surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry to study the binding characteristics of XPC and Rad4 when bound to the bulky cluster di-FAAF-containing 55-mer duplex DNA.

Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: With the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, a large number of COVID-19 patients are at risk of long COVID after recovery. The purpose of our research is to systematically review the existing clinical studies to understand the current prevalence and related risk factors of long COVID in COVID-19 patients in China.

Methods: The protocol of this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024519375).

Carbon gain in upper but loss in deeper cropland soils across China over the last four decades.

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural systems is a primary nature-based option for mitigating climate change, improving soil fertility, and ensuring food security. However, the consequences of global warming and increases in carbon inputs on cropland SOC stocks over the last few decades remain largely unknown, particularly in deeper soil layers. Here, by using repeated measurements, we reassess variations in SOC stocks across a 0 to 100 cm soil profile at the same locations in China's upland croplands in 1980 and 2023.

Room Temperature Synthesis of Gradient-Distributed Ni/Fe Sites in Layered Double Hydroxides for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

NiFe-based materials, especially NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs), are recognized as the most promising non-precious metal electrocatalysts for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the precisely designed distribution of active sites for enhancing activities is still significantly restricted due to the lack of reasonable modulation strategies. Herein, sulfur doped Ni/Fe gradient-distributed LDH (GD-NiFe LDH/S) is fabricated by facile air-induced strategy at room temperature.

Changes in flavor quality of raw Liupao tea during the piling process.

Purpose: Piling is a critical process for the formation of raw Liupao tea (RLT) flavor quality. However, given the unclear changes in the flavor quality of RLT during the piling process, and the key substances of taste-contributing and aroma components that affecting the flavor quality of RLT was lacking. Herein, the present study aimed at evaluating the changes in flavor quality and its key substances of RLT during the piling process.

Hypertension awareness, treatment, control, and prognosis: insights from the sub-cohort of China PEACE million persons project.

It is unclear whether and to what extent hypertension (HTN) awareness, treatment, and control affect prognosis in real-world settings. This study utilized data from the sub-cohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project. A total of 102,358 adults aged 35-75 years were enrolled from Guangdong Province between January 2016 and December 2020.

Enhanced sludge solid-liquid separation based on Fe/periodate conditioning coupled with polyoxometalates: Cell destruction and protein adsorption.

Dewatering of waste activated sludge is a necessary step for achieving subsequent reduction, stabilization, and resource utilization. In this study, Fe/periodate (PI) coupled with polyoxometalates (POMs) conditioning was tested for realizing sludge deep dewatering. After the addition of POMs (0.

Cardiovascular Benefits and Safety Profile of Macrolide Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Bronchiectasis.

Background: Macrolide maintenance therapy (MMT) has demonstrated notable efficacy in reducing exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, a comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of MMT in this population is lacking.

Methods: This territory-wide cohort study analyzed patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2018.

Assessment of Biofilm Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Response of a Probiotic Blend in a Cultured Canine Cell Model.

Gut dysbiosis and an inflamed bowel are growing concerns in mammals, including dogs. Probiotic supplements have been used to restore the natural microbial community and improve gastrointestinal health. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial activities, and immunological responses of probiotics are crucial to improving gut health.

Single-Atom Pt Anchored Polyoxometalate as Electron-Proton Shuttle for Efficient Photoreduction of CO to CH Catalyzed by NiCo Layered Doubled Hydroxide.

The crucial role of active hydrogen (H*) in photocatalytic CO methanation has long been overlooked, although recently, accelerating proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes to enhance CH productivity and selectivity has garnered significant attention. Herein, a single-atom Pt-anchored HPMoO (Pt-PMo) is applied as an efficient proton-electron shuttle to facilitate the photocatalytic performance of NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH). The resultant Pt-PMo@NiCo-LDH exhibited superior CH productivity (723 µmol g h) with CH selectivity of 82.

Cardiovascular disease modifies the relationship between systolic blood pressure and outcomes in people with diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the influences of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the relationship between baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and outcomes in community populations with diabetes.

Methods: This is an observational study of 16,431 community adults with diabetes. The relationship between SBP with major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and all-cause death were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline.

Oxytocin receptor controls promiscuity and development in prairie voles.

Oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) signaling influences complex social behaviors in diverse species, including social monogamy in prairie voles. How Oxtr regulates specific components of social attachment behaviors and the neural mechanisms mediating them remains unknown. Here, we examine prairie voles lacking Oxtr and demonstrate that pair bonding comprises distinct behavioral modules: the preference for a bonded partner, and the rejection of novel potential mates.

Childhood psychosocial adjustment and midlife obesity, diabetes and hypertension: prospective study from two birth cohorts.

Background: Understanding how childhood psychosocial adjustment (CPA) influences later life health outcomes is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate the long-term risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs).

Aims: To investigate the association between CPA and incident CMDs in mid-life, and the mediating roles of educational attainment, smoking habits and depression during young adulthood.

Method: A prospective cohort study utilised data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS; 1958-2013) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70; 1970-2018), encompassing 22 012 participants assessed for CPA in childhood, who were subsequently evaluated for educational attainment, smoking habits and depression in young adulthood, followed by assessments for CMDs in mid-life.