Resection of intra- and paraventricular malignant brain tumors using fluorescein sodium-guided neuroendoscopic transtubular approach.

Background: The requirement of brain retraction and difficulty in distinguishing the tumor demarcation are challenging in conventional approaches to intra- and paraventricular malignant tumors (IV-PVMTs). Tubular retractors can minimize the retraction injury, and fluorescein-guided (FG) surgery may promote the resection of tumors. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of fluorescein-guided endoscopic transtubular surgery for the resection of IV-PVMTs.

Chemoresistance in Malignant Intracranial Tumors: Longer Survival with Negative MDR1 Expression.

Aim: To analyze the Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-P, GST-M, cytochrome p450 (CYP)1-A1, CYP1-B1, and multidrug resistance (MDR)-1 expressions in malignant intracranial tumor (ICT)s, and to elicit their role on patient survival.

Material And Methods: GST-P, GST-M, CYP1-A1, CYP1-B1, and MDR-1 expressions were analyzed using immunostaining in 149 samples from 141 patients with preoperative ICT diagnosis. The case characteristics were reviewed, and the enzyme expressions were equated based on the age, gender, and tumor type.

Fluorescein Sodium-Guided Neuroendoscopic Resection of Deep-Seated Malignant Brain Tumors: Preliminary Results of 18 Patients.

Background: Deep-seated intracranial lesions are challenging to resect completely and safely. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) promotes the resection of malignant brain tumors (MBTs). Classically, FGS is performed using microscope equipped with a special filter.

Extended endonasal endoscopic approach for anterior midline skull base lesions.

Aim: In recent years, extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) has been used as an alternative to transcranial approaches in the treatment of anterior midline skull base lesions. We retrospectively reviewed our cases operated using this technique and compared the results with current literature.

Method: The data of 24 patients who were operated using EEEA in our department between 2010-2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Sellar Defect Reconstruction with Vascularized Superior Turbinate Mucosal Flaps in Endonasal Endoscopic Transsellar Approach.

Background: The pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF) constitutes the primary reconstructive option for most skull base defects in endonasal endoscopic approaches. The superior nasal turbinate (ST) has received little attention. We report our preliminary experience with the use of the ST mucosal flap in selected cases.

Intracranial infections: lessons learned from 52 surgically treated cases.

Objective: Intracranial infections are serious and life-threatening health problems. They may present as subdural empyemas or intracerebral abscesses. Surgical drainage and subsequent antibiotic treatment is the main technique for a satisfactory clinical outcome.

Expression of Sigma-Class Glutathione-S-Transferase in Fetal and Pediatric Filum Terminale Samples: A Comparative Study.

: The pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children is not well elucidated. An inelastic filum terminale (FT) is the main factor underlying the stretching of the spinal cord in TCS. Our study aimed to investigate the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in children and fetal FT samples in order to understand the relationship between this enzyme expression and the development of TCS.

Port-a-cath and ventriculoatrial shunt at the same atrium: technical note.

Hydrocephalus is a rare complication of brain involving acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The standard treatment is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, while ventriculoatrial (VA) shunting is the second option in a case of VP shunt failure in young children. But the presence of port catheter at the right atrium restricts and makes a VA shunt difficult to place in the same atrium.

Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis with and without Type I Split Cord Malformation: Report of 3 Cases and Surgical Nuances.

Limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) is a rare form of spina bifida which is characterized by a fibroneural stalk between the inner part of the skin and the spinal cord. It may be associated with split cord malformation (SCM). Diagnosis and management of this complex malformation is challenging.

Glutathione S-Transferases and Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Expression in Patients with Intracranial Tumors: Preliminary Report of 55 Patients.

Objective: Intracranial tumors are one of the most frightening and difficult-to-treat tumor types. In addition to surgery, protocols such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also take place in the treatment. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are prominent drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human body.

Lhermitte-Duclos Disease in a Six-Year Old Child: A Rare Presentation.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare, slow-growing, benign lesion of the cerebellum. It is often seen in the second and fourth decades. This disease is extremely rare in childhood.

Two-Micron Continuous-Wave Laser-Assisted Neuroendoscopy: Clinical Experience of Two Institutions in 524 Procedures.

Objective: To present the clinical experience of 2 neurosurgical centers with the use of a 2-micron continuous-wave laser (2μ-cwL) system as standard tool in neuroendoscopic procedures and to discuss the safety and efficacy of this system.

Methods: In total, 469 patients underwent neuroendoscopic procedures using 2μ-cwL between September 2009 and January 2015. All patient data were retrospectively reviewed.

U-shaped durotomy for midline posterior fossa tumor removal: technical note and evaluation of results.

Background: The classical dura opening for midline posterior fossa tumors in and around the 4th ventricle and the craniocervical junction is a Y-shaped incision. Several potential problems are associated with this technique. We used a technical variant, the U-shaped durotomy, previously described by Rhoton, offering several advantages.

The evaluation of the effects of steroid treatment on the tumor and peritumoral edema by DWI and MR spectroscopy in brain tumors.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dexamethasone on brain tumor and peritumoral edema by different sequences of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: MRI was performed in 28 patients with brain tumor. Patients were divided into the 3 groups based on the histological diagnosis; Group I: high-grade glial tumor, Group II: low-grade glial tumor, and Group III: brain metastasis.

Intracavitary amphotericin B in the treatment of intracranial aspergillosis.

Intracranial aspergillosis is a rare infectious disease of the central nervous system with high mortality rates. Our aim is to present 3 cases of intracranial aspergillosis who were surgically treated with intracavitary amphotericin B administration. First case was a 21-year-old male patient.

Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral skull base lesions.

Objective: With the use of multiple endoscopic endonasal surgical corridors, extended endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEEAs) are now being used to treat a wide range of ventral skull base lesions. Our aim was to present our experience with EEEAs to the ventral skull base lesions.

Patients And Methods: The study group consisted of 106 patients (57 men and 49 women) who underwent surgery for skull base lesions using EEEAs from 2010 to 2017.

Comparison of Electrophysiological Outcomes of Tethered Cord Syndrome and Spinal Intradural Tumors: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Aim: Electrophysiological evaluation of the outcomes of spinal procedures is important for neurosurgeons. Somatosensorial evoked potentials (SSEPs) are used for electrophysiological evaluation of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and spinal intradural tumors (SIT). The aim of this study was to document the electrophysiological outcomes of surgery for TCS and SIT and to compare the results based on the preoperative diagnosis.

Fully Endoscopic Resection of Intra-Axial Brain Lesions Using Neuronavigated Pediatric Anoscope.

Aim: To present a new simple disposable tubular retractor which provides fully endoscopic resections of the intraaxial brain lesions.

Material And Methods: A total of 13 patients underwent surgical resection of an intraaxial brain lesion larger than 3 cm with a fully endoscopic approach using the navigation-guided pediatric anoscope. The anoscope was adapted to serve as a tubular retractor.

Endoscope-Assisted Microsurgical Removal of an Intraventricular Ependymal Cyst That Manifested with Tremor.

Background: Intraventricular ependymal cysts (ECs) are rare, histologically benign neuroepithelial cysts. Most of these cysts are clinically silent and discovered incidentally. Rarely, they become symptomatic, leading to obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

Evaluation and Management of Lumbosacral Myelomeningoceles in Children.

Objective: Myelomeningoceles are the common form of open neural tube defects that are usually associated with neurological deficits. Many techniques of repair and methods of prevention have been proposed with respect to the size of defect and the neurological condition of patient. The aim of this study was to report our experience on the management of lumbosacral myelomeningoceles in children.

Congenital left temporal large arachnoid cyst causing intraorbital optic nerve damage in the second decade of life.

Aim: Intracranial sylvian arachnoid cysts are often asymptomatic lesions. We present a 16-year-old female patient with progressive loss of vision together with an unusual visual field defect on the left eye accompanied by headache.

Method: A left frontotemporal sylvian arachnoid cyst was known since she was 9 months old, but observed ever since in the asymptomatic patient.

Tethered cord syndrome in children: a single-center experience with 162 patients.

Purpose: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is not an uncommon clinical problem in children. The aim of this retrospective study is to document our experience on the surgical treatment of TCS in childhood.

Methods: The data of 162 children who underwent surgical treatment for TCS in a 15-year period were reviewed retrospectively.

Computer-based surgical planning and custom-made titanium implants for cranial fibrous dysplasia.

Background: The procedure of reconstruction after the removal of cranial fibrous dysplasia (FD) must be precise to achieve good functional and aesthetic results. Intraoperative modeling of implants is difficult and may cause cosmetic disturbances.

Objective: To present our experience with the treatment of cranial FD using preoperative computer-based surgical planning of tumor removal with reconstruction of the cranium with custom-made titanium implants.

Histological structure of the medial and lateral walls of cavernous sinus in human fetuses.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to elucidate the architecture of these fine structures in human fetuses.

Methods: The histological examination of medial wall (MW) and lateral wall (LW) was performed in 15 normal human fetuses. Eleven fetuses were female and four were male.