Absolute beta power in exercisers and nonexercisers in preparation for the oddball task.

Background:  High levels of physical conditioning are associated with improvements in cognitive performance. In this sense, electroencephalographic (ECG) correlates are used to investigate the enhancing role of physical exercise on executive functions. Oscillations in the β frequency range are proposed to be evident during sensorimotor activity.

Decrease in reaction time for volleyball athletes during saccadic eye movement task: A preliminary study with evoked potentials.

Aim: This preliminary study investigated the differences in event-related potential and reaction time under two groups (athletes vs. non-athletes).

Material And Methods: The P300 was analyzed for Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes in thirty-one healthy volunteers divided into two groups (volleyball athletes and non-athletes).

Curve-Modelling and Machine Learning for a Better COPD Diagnosis.

Background: Development of new tools in artificial intelligence has an outstanding performance in the recognition of multidimensional patterns, which is why they have proven to be useful in the diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Methods: This was an observational analytical single-centre study in patients with spirometry performed in outpatient medical care. The segment that goes from the peak expiratory flow to the forced vital capacity was modelled with quadratic polynomials, the coefficients obtained were used to train and test neural networks in the task of classifying patients with COPD.

Differences between hemispheres and in saccade latency regarding volleyball athletes and non-athletes during saccadic eye movements: an analysis using EEG.

Background: The saccadic eye movement is responsible for providing focus to a visual object of interest to the retina. In sports like volleyball, identifying relevant targets quickly is essential to a masterful performance. The training improves cortical regions underlying saccadic action, enabling more automated processing in athletes.

Open monitoring meditation alters the EEG gamma coherence in experts meditators: The expert practice exhibit greater right intra-hemispheric functional coupling.

Aim: This study investigated the differences in frontoparietal EEG gamma coherence between expert meditators (EM) and naïve meditators (NM).

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of twenty-one healthy adults divided under two groups (experts meditators vs. naive-meditators), with analyzing the intra-hemispheric coherence of frontoparietal gamma oscillations by electroencephalography during the study steps: EEG resting-state 1, during the open presence meditation practice, and EEG resting-state 2.

The Computer Simulation for Triggering Anxiety in Panic Disorder Patients Modulates the EEG Alpha Power during an Oddball Task.

Aim: The present study investigated the differences between the Panic Disorder (PD) patients groups' and healthy controls for the EEG alpha dynamics under the frontal cortex and reaction time during the oddball task.

Material And Methods: The reaction time during the oddball paradigm concomitant to EEG alpha power was tested in nine PD patients and ten healthy controls before and after a computer simulation presentation.

Results: The findings revealed a decrease in EEG alpha power in PD patients concerning the control group ( ≤ 0.

Bromazepam increases the error of the time interval judgments and modulates the EEG alpha asymmetry during time estimation.

Aim: This study investigated the bromazepam effects in male subjects during the time estimation performance and EEG alpha asymmetry in electrodes associated with the frontal and motor cortex.

Material And Methods: This is a double-blind, crossover study with a sample of 32 healthy adults under control (placebo) vs. experimental (bromazepam) during visual time-estimation task in combination with electroencephalographic analysis.

Development of a Classical Conditioning Task for Humans Examining Phasic Heart Rate Responses to Signaled Appetitive Stimuli: A Pilot Study.

Cardiac responses to appetitive stimuli have been studied as indices of motivational states and attentional processes, the former being associated with cardiac acceleration and latter deceleration. Very few studies have examined heart rate changes in appetitive classical conditioning in humans. The current study describes the development and pilot testing of a classical conditioning task to assess cardiac responses to appetitive stimuli and cues that reliably precede them.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation changes cognitive/motor tasks performance: An absolute alpha and beta power study.

The voluntary movement demands integration between cognitive and motor functions. During the initial stages of motor learning until mastery of a new motor task, and during a demanding task that is not automatic, cognitive and motor functions can be perceived as independent from each other. Areas used for actually performing motor tasks are essentially the same used by Motor Imagery (MI).

Methylphenidate decreases the EEG mu power in the right primary motor cortex in healthy adults during motor imagery and execution.

This study investigated the effects of dopaminergic drugs on the EEG mu power during motor imagery, action observation, and execution. This is a double-blind, crossover study with a sample of 15 healthy adults under placebo vs. methylphenidate vs.

Event-related potential (P300): the effects of levetiracetam in cognitive performance.

Background: The current study is a reanalysis in the time domain of EEG data collection in healthy adults during an oddball paradigm using levetiracetam (LEV) vs. placebo acute administration. Specifically, the event-related potential (ERP) technique provides a tool for exploring the EEG responses to a specific event/stimulus.

Non-immersive 3D virtual stimulus alter the time production task performance and increase the EEG theta power in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Aim: The study investigated the cortical activity changes and time production task performance induced by changes in motion speed of a non-immersive 3D virtual stimulus.

Material And Methods: Twenty-one individuals were participated in the crossover study with the visual-time reproduction task under three-speed conditions: original, slow and fast virtual stimulus. In addition, the electroencephalographic analysis of the theta band power in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was done simultaneously with time production task execution.

Unskilled shooters improve both accuracy and grouping shot having as reference skilled shooters cortical area: An EEG and tDCS study.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a non-invasive method for enhanced motor and cognitive abilities. However, no previous study has investigated if the tDCS application in unskilled shooters on cortical sites, selected based on the cortical activity of skilled shooters, improves the accuracy and shot grouping. Sixty participants were selected, which included 10 skilled shooters and 50 unskilled shooters.

Neurophysiological changes after cognitive-motor tasks in Parkinson's disease patients with deep brain stimulation.

Chronic deep brain stimulation (CDBS) is a surgical treatment that reduces the cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although CDBS has been in use for a long time, very little has been reported on its supposed effects on cognition, particularly in relation to implants in the subthalamic nucleus. The results of the rare studies that do exist are controversial, and in many cases the studies have several design flaws.

Dopaminergic drugs alter beta coherence during motor imagery and motor execution in healthy adults.

Background: Motor Imagery (MI) represents the cognitive component of the movement and recruits dopaminergic systems.

Objective: To investigate the role of dopaminergic system through the action of methylphenidate and risperidone over beta coherence during execution, action observation and motor imagery.

Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded before and after the substance intake.

Time estimation exposure modifies cognitive aspects and cortical activity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults.

Aim: This study investigated whether time-estimation task exposure influences the severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as theta band activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.

Material And Methods: Twenty-two patients with ADHD participated in a crossover experiment with a visual time-estimation task under control conditions (without exposure to time estimation tasks) and experimental (thirty days exposure to time-estimation tasks) in association with electroencephalographic analysis of theta band.

Results: ADHD patients with thirty days of time-estimation task exposure presented a worse performance of the time-estimation task, as revealed by the measurements of the absolute error and relative error ( ≤ 0.

The role of low-frequency rTMS in the superior parietal cortex during time estimation.

The low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) application has been associated with changes in cognitive processes embedded during time perception tasks. Although several studies have investigated the influence of neuromodulation on time perception, the effect of the 1-Hz rTMS application on the superior parietal cortex is not clearly understood. This study analyzes the effect of the low-frequency rTMS on time estimation when applied in the parietal medial longitudinal fissure.

EEG coherence as a diagnostic tool to measure the initial stages of Parkinson Disease.

Although Parkinson Disease was described a long time ago by James Parkinson and several biomarkers were used to predict the symptoms of PD, there is no accepted tool to distinguish the initial stages of this pathology. The present hypothesis discusses the Coherence Function, an Electroencephalography measure which could be used as a simple, and low-cost tool to describe the onset of cardinal signals of PD. Our hypothesis is based on three factors: beta frequency related to movement, motor action over particular cortical regions, and cortical coupling between cortical areas involved in the execution of voluntary movement.

The SLC6A3 3'-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms association in the time estimation.

Objective: The present study investigated the association of 3'-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms with a time estimation task performance.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and eight men in a Brazilian Northeast population (18-32 years old) participated in the experiment. The 3'-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms were associated alone and combined to absolute error (AE) and relative error (RE) in a time estimation task (target duration: 1 s, 4 s, 7 s and 9 s).

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation changes absolute theta power during cognitive/motor tasks.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) studies are used to test motor imagery hypothesis. Motor Imagery (MI) represents conscious access to contents of movement intention, generally executed unconsciously during motor preparation. The main objective of this study was to investigate electrophysiological changes, which occurred before and after low-frequency rTMS application when we compared three different tasks: execution, action observation and motor imagery of finger movement.

Low-frequency rTMS stimulation over superior parietal cortex medially improves time reproduction and increases the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predominance.

Aim Of The Study: Previous studies have shown that several cortical regions are involved in temporal tasks in multiple timescales. However, the hemispheric predominance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during time reproduction after repetitive low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is relatively unexplored. Here, we study the effects of 1 Hz rTMS and sham stimulation applied medially over the superior parietal cortex (SPC) on the DLPFC alpha and beta band asymmetry and on time reproduction.

Acute effect of Ethanol and Taurine on frontal cortex absolute beta power before and after exercise.

Ethanol (ET) is a substance that modulates the Central Nervous System (CNS). Frequently, ET intake occurs combined with energy drinks, which contain taurine (TA), an important amino acid found in the body (i.e brain and muscles).

Identifying musical pieces from fMRI data using encoding and decoding models.

Encoding models can reveal and decode neural representations in the visual and semantic domains. However, a thorough understanding of how distributed information in auditory cortices and temporal evolution of music contribute to model performance is still lacking in the musical domain. We measured fMRI responses during naturalistic music listening and constructed a two-stage approach that first mapped musical features in auditory cortices and then decoded novel musical pieces.

Low-frequency rTMS in the superior parietal cortex affects the working memory in horizontal axis during the spatial task performance.

Spatial working memory has been extensively investigated with different tasks, treatments, and analysis tools. Several studies suggest that low frequency of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the parietal cortex may influence spatial working memory (SWM). However, it is not yet known if after low-frequency rTMS applied to the superior parietal cortex, according to Pz electroencephalography (EEG) electrode, would change the orientation interpretation about the vertical and horizontal axes coordinates in an SWM task.