Association of Biopsy-proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Obesity and Apolipoproteins.

Background And Aims: Insulin resistance is considered the most important key mechanism in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some studies have reported that hyperinsulinemia decreases the hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein (Apo) B. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in NAFLD may be responsible for the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the moral distress-appraisal scale for nurses.

Moral distress causes frustration, guilt, anger, stress, sadness, anxiety, fear, burnout, insecurity, and depression in nurses, and this is reflected in their work performances. Therefore, internationally validated tools and methodological studies are needed to measure moral distress among nurses. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Moral Distress-Appraisal Scale (MD-APPS) among nurses in Turkey.

The effect of a video-assisted operating room promotion program on the anxiety levels of parents and their children: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Purpose: Anxiety experienced by parents is an important predictor of anxiety experienced by children. Different interventions are used to reduce the anxiety levels of children and their parents during the preoperative period. Apart from conventional training methods, watching videos about real-life operating rooms can reduce parents' and their children's anxiety levels.

Relationship Between Quality of Care and Patient Care Outcomes for Postoperative Pain in Major Orthopedic Surgery: Analytical and Cross-Sectional Study.

The quality of care provided for the management of postoperative pain and patient outcomes are key criteria for healthcare institutions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the quality of care provided for the alleviation of postoperative pain experienced among patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery and the patient care outcomes. The study was designed as an analytical and cross-sectional study.

Egr1 mediates the effect of insulin on leptin transcription in adipocytes.

In mammals, leptin production in adipocytes is up-regulated by feeding and insulin. Although this regulatory connection is central to all physiological effects of leptin, its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor early growth response 1, Egr1, is rapidly but transiently induced by insulin in adipose cells both and , and its induction is followed by an increase in leptin transcription.

Regulation of fatty acid trafficking in liver by thioesterase superfamily member 1.

Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1) is an acyl-CoA thioesterase that is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue, where it functions to suppress energy expenditure. Lower Them1 expression levels in the liver are upregulated in response to high-fat feeding. mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance, but the contribution of Them1 in liver is unclear.

Thioesterase superfamily member 1 suppresses cold thermogenesis by limiting the oxidation of lipid droplet-derived fatty acids in brown adipose tissue.

Objective: Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in energy homeostasis. Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1), a BAT-enriched long chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase, is upregulated by cold and downregulated by warm ambient temperatures. Them1 (-/-) mice exhibit increased energy expenditure and resistance to diet-induced obesity and diabetes, but the mechanistic contribution of Them1 to the regulation of cold thermogenesis remains unknown.

Food-associated stimuli enhance barrier properties of gastrointestinal mucus.

Orally delivered drugs and nutrients must diffuse through mucus to enter the circulatory system, but the barrier properties of mucus and their modulation by physiological factors are generally poorly characterized. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of physicochemical changes occurring upon food ingestion on gastrointestinal (GI) mucus barrier properties. Lipids representative of postprandial intestinal contents enhanced mucus barriers, as indicated by a 10-142-fold reduction in the transport rate of 200 nm microspheres through mucus, depending on surface chemistry.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in young adult men.

Introduction: The possible cause of accelerated atherosclerosis in NAFLD may be the relationship with the MetS and its components. Our primary goal was to evaluate the relationship between NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis in adult male patients between 20 and 40 years of age. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the changes in this association according to the presence or absence of MetS.

CXCR3 controls T-cell accumulation in fat inflammation.

Objective: Obesity associates with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in adipose tissue (AT), including T cells, but the mechanism of T-cell recruitment remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) participates in T-cell accumulation in AT of obese mice and thus in the regulation of local inflammation and systemic metabolism.

Approach And Results: Obese wild-type mice exhibited higher mRNA expression of CXCR3 in periepididymal AT-derived stromal vascular cells compared with lean mice.

Thioesterase superfamily member 2/Acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 (Them2/Acot13) regulates adaptive thermogenesis in mice.

Members of the acyl-CoA thioesterase (Acot) gene family hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoAs, but their biological functions remain incompletely understood. Thioesterase superfamily member 2 (Them2; synonym Acot13) is enriched in oxidative tissues, associated with mitochondria, and relatively specific for long chain fatty acyl-CoA substrates. Using Them2(-/-) mice, we have demonstrated key roles for Them2 in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.

Other ways to skin a cat: activating SREBP without Scap.

The sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) pathway plays a central role in the global regulation of lipid homeostasis. SREBPs are membrane-bound transcription factors whose proteolytic activation is regulated by cellular lipid levels; when demand for lipid rises, SREBP travels from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus where it is cleaved by two distinct proteases. Cleavage releases the transcription factor domain of SREBP from the membrane-bound precursor and transcription of its target genes consequently rises.

Activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins in the absence of Scap in Drosophila melanogaster.

The escort factor Scap is essential in mammalian cells for regulated activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). SREBPs are membrane-bound transcription factors. Cells lacking Scap cannot activate SREBP.

Distinct roles of RalA and RalB in the progression of cytokinesis are supported by distinct RalGEFs.

The Ras family G-proteins RalA and RalB make critical non-overlapping contributions to the generation of a tumorigenic regulatory network, supporting bypass of the normal restraints on both cell proliferation and survival. The Sec6/8 complex, or exocyst, has emerged as a principal direct effector complex for Ral GTPases. Here, we show that RalA and RalB support mitotic progression through mobilization of the exocyst for two spatially and kinetically distinct steps of cytokinesis.

The closed structure of the MscS mechanosensitive channel. Cross-linking of single cysteine mutants.

Mechanosensitive channels must make a large conformational change during the transition from the closed to the open state. The crystal structure of the open form of the Escherichia coli MscS channel was recently solved and depicts a homoheptamer (1). In this study, cross-linking of site-specific cysteine substitutions demonstrates that residues up to 10-33 A apart in the crystal structure readily form disulfide bridges in the closed form and can also be cross-linked by a 10-A linker.